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HMS, BM EQ-Bank 87

Describe how the endocrine system's release of cortisol affects an athlete's movement efficiency during periods of prolonged stress.  (3 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • Cortisol released by the adrenal glands increases blood glucose levels to provide energy for movement during stress.
  • Prolonged high cortisol levels can break down muscle protein for energy, potentially reducing movement efficiency.
  • Extended periods of elevated cortisol can lead to fatigue and decreased performance as energy systems become depleted.
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Sample Answer

  • Cortisol released by the adrenal glands increases blood glucose levels to provide energy for movement during stress.
  • Prolonged high cortisol levels can break down muscle protein for energy, potentially reducing movement efficiency.
  • Extended periods of elevated cortisol can lead to fatigue and decreased performance as energy systems become depleted.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 86

Outline how the digestive system responds to acute stress during participation in a competitive sports event.  (3 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • The digestive system slows down or stops digestion as blood is diverted to muscles and vital organs during the stress response.
  • The mouth becomes dry as saliva production decreases, making it harder to digest food during competition.
  • Stress hormones can cause nausea or “butterflies” in the stomach as the digestive system responds to the fight or flight response.
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Sample Answer

  • The digestive system slows down or stops digestion as blood is diverted to muscles and vital organs during the stress response.
  • The mouth becomes dry as saliva production decreases, making it harder to digest food during competition.
  • Stress hormones can cause nausea or “butterflies” in the stomach as the digestive system responds to the fight or flight response.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 75

Describe the impact of exercise-induced thermal stress on digestive enzyme production.  (3 marks)

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Sample Answer

Exercise-induced thermal stress affects digestive enzyme production by:

  • Reducing secretion of digestive enzymes by the pancreas
  • Decreasing salivary amylase production
  • Impairing the efficiency of existing enzymes These changes can affect nutrient breakdown during and after exercise.
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Sample Answer

Exercise-induced thermal stress affects digestive enzyme production by:

  • Reducing secretion of digestive enzymes by the pancreas
  • Decreasing salivary amylase production
  • Impairing the efficiency of existing enzymes These changes can affect nutrient breakdown during and after exercise.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 73 MC

Which statement best explains how chronic stress affects zinc absorption?

  1. Increases intestinal permeability
  2. Reduces absorption efficiency
  3. Enhances enzyme production
  4. Improves nutrient transport
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Consider Option B: Reduces absorption efficiency

  • Chronic stress impairs nutrient absorption through multiple mechanisms.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Stress typically decreases intestinal absorption capability.
  • C is incorrect: Stress impairs digestive enzyme production.
  • D is incorrect: Stress compromises rather than improves nutrient transport.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 70 MC

An archer notices their hands shaking before competition. This response is primarily caused by which hormone?

  1. Insulin
  2. Thyroxine
  3. Epinephrine
  4. Growth hormone
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Consider Option C:  Epinephrine

  • Epinephrine is released during stress causing physical symptoms including trembling through activating the sympathetic nervous system.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Insulin decreases blood glucose and does not cause shaking. It’s primarily involved in glucose storage, not stress response.
  • B is incorrect: While thyroxine affects metabolism, it doesn’t cause acute stress responses like shaking.
  • D is incorrect: Involved in tissue repair and growth, not acute stress responses.