smc-5527-10-Undue stress

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 941

Evaluate the short-term and long-term consequences of undue stress on the body for marathon runners, and discuss appropriate management strategies that could be implemented during different phases of training. (8 marks)

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Sample Answer

Evaluation Statement

Undue stress has highly detrimental effects on marathon runners both short and long-term.
Evaluation criteria include performance impact and health consequences.

Short-term Impact

Immediate fatigue affects technique and running performance.
Runners show poor movement patterns when trying to maintain pace, reducing efficiency.
Energy stores become depleted and muscles experience damage.
Recovery time between training sessions increases, limiting training benefits.
These effects clearly show why rest days are important.

Long-term Consequences

Overtraining syndrome severely affects athletic performance.
Chronic tiredness, stress fractures, and hormonal imbalances damage overall health.
Mental burnout reduces motivation and enjoyment of running.
Athletes may quit the sport entirely, failing to reach their goals.
These consequences strongly support the need for proper management.

Management Strategies

Base phase requires gradual increases in running distance with adequate rest days.
Main phase benefits from alternating hard and easy training days.
Peak phase needs careful monitoring of fatigue with reduced training volume.
Recovery phase requires complete rest through alternative activities like swimming.
This approach successfully prevents stress from building up.

Final Evaluation

Short-term stress causes moderate performance problems but can be reversed.
Long-term consequences are extremely harmful to health and running career.
While hard training is needed for improvement, poor recovery creates serious risks.
Therefore, proper training management is essential for marathon runners.

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Sample Answer

Evaluation Statement

Undue stress has highly detrimental effects on marathon runners both short and long-term.
Evaluation criteria include performance impact and health consequences.

Short-term Impact

Immediate fatigue affects technique and running performance.
Runners show poor movement patterns when trying to maintain pace, reducing efficiency.
Energy stores become depleted and muscles experience damage.
Recovery time between training sessions increases, limiting training benefits.
These effects clearly show why rest days are important.

Long-term Consequences

Overtraining syndrome severely affects athletic performance.
Chronic tiredness, stress fractures, and hormonal imbalances damage overall health.
Mental burnout reduces motivation and enjoyment of running.
Athletes may quit the sport entirely, failing to reach their goals.
These consequences strongly support the need for proper management.

Management Strategies

Base phase requires gradual increases in running distance with adequate rest days.
Main phase benefits from alternating hard and easy training days.
Peak phase needs careful monitoring of fatigue with reduced training volume.
Recovery phase requires complete rest through alternative activities like swimming.
This approach successfully prevents stress from building up.

Final Evaluation

Short-term stress causes moderate performance problems but can be reversed.
Long-term consequences are extremely harmful to health and running career.
While hard training is needed for improvement, poor recovery creates serious risks.
Therefore, proper training management is essential for marathon runners.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 940

Describe how chronic training stress could lead to a deterioration in performance for an elite netball player, and propose strategies to minimise its effects. (5 marks)

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Sample Answer

Chronic training stress develops from inadequate recovery between high-intensity sessions, resulting in accumulated physiological fatigue that affects neuromuscular coordination essential for accurate passing and shooting in netball.
As training stress builds, the player’s movement efficiency deteriorates, with energy systems becoming less effective, leading to decreased court coverage and slower reaction times in defensive plays.
Poor recovery compromises cognitive function, affecting decision-making and tactical awareness during complex game situations, particularly in final quarters when fatigue is highest.

Strategies:

Incorporate systematic monitoring through wellness questionnaires and performance metrics to identify early signs of overtraining, adjusting training loads before performance deteriorates.
Implement strategic recovery sessions between high-intensity training days, focusing on skill development, strategy discussions and active recovery methods rather than physiological overload.

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Sample Answer

Chronic training stress develops from inadequate recovery between high-intensity sessions, resulting in accumulated physiological fatigue that affects neuromuscular coordination essential for accurate passing and shooting in netball.
As training stress builds, the player’s movement efficiency deteriorates, with energy systems becoming less effective, leading to decreased court coverage and slower reaction times in defensive plays.
Poor recovery compromises cognitive function, affecting decision-making and tactical awareness during complex game situations, particularly in final quarters when fatigue is highest.

Strategies:

Incorporate systematic monitoring through wellness questionnaires and performance metrics to identify early signs of overtraining, adjusting training loads before performance deteriorates.
Implement strategic recovery sessions between high-intensity training days, focusing on skill development, strategy discussions and active recovery methods rather than physiological overload.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 939

Explain how undue stress on a swimmer's body might affect their performance during competition, and describe two strategies a coach could implement to address this issue. (4 marks)

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Sample Answer

Undue physical stress leads to extreme fatigue causing poor technique and body positioning in the water. As a result, swimmers experience increased drag and slower times.
Muscle fatigue from overtraining causes compromised stroke efficiency. This triggers reduced power output and potential injury as swimmers compensate with incorrect mechanics.

Strategy 1:

Implement appropriate periodisation in training by varying intensity and volume. This works by incorporating adequate recovery days between high-intensity sessions, which prevents accumulation of fatigue.

Strategy 2:

Monitor training loads using metrics like rate of perceived exertion (RPE) or heart rate variability. This enables coaches to adjust workloads accordingly, thereby preventing overtraining syndrome.

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Sample Answer

Undue physical stress leads to extreme fatigue causing poor technique and body positioning in the water. As a result, swimmers experience increased drag and slower times.
Muscle fatigue from overtraining causes compromised stroke efficiency. This triggers reduced power output and potential injury as swimmers compensate with incorrect mechanics.

Strategy 1:

Implement appropriate periodisation in training by varying intensity and volume. This works by incorporating adequate recovery days between high-intensity sessions, which prevents accumulation of fatigue.

Strategy 2:

Monitor training loads using metrics like rate of perceived exertion (RPE) or heart rate variability. This enables coaches to adjust workloads accordingly, thereby preventing overtraining syndrome.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 938

A rugby player has been training intensely for the past 3 weeks without taking adequate rest days. Outline the signs of overtraining that the coach should monitor. (3 marks)

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Sample Answer

Overtraining signs include lethargy characterised by feelings of slowness, tiredness and lack of energy, which can affect performance quality.
The player may demonstrate poor movement patterns and compromised skill execution, potentially leading to injuries as technique deteriorates.
Psychological indicators include lack of motivation, irritability and reduced concentration during training sessions and games.

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Sample Answer

Overtraining signs include lethargy characterised by feelings of slowness, tiredness and lack of energy, which can affect performance quality.
The player may demonstrate poor movement patterns and compromised skill execution, potentially leading to injuries as technique deteriorates.
Psychological indicators include lack of motivation, irritability and reduced concentration during training sessions and games.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 129

Describe how the digestive system can create undue stress on the body during physical activity and outline appropriate first aid responses. (5 marks)

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Sample Answer

Digestive System Stress:

Exercise redirects blood flow away from digestive organs to working muscles, reducing digestive efficiency and causing painful abdominal cramping.
Eating within 2-3 hours of exercise leaves undigested food in stomach, leading to nausea, vomiting and uncomfortable bloating during activity.
Dehydration impairs digestive secretions and intestinal function, resulting in severe cramping and potential diarrhea during prolonged exercise.
High-intensity movement creates mechanical stress on abdominal organs, causing side stitches and acid reflux that impair performance.

First Aid Responses:

Stop activity immediately when severe cramping occurs to prevent further digestive distress and allow blood flow redistribution.
Place person in comfortable left side-lying position, which relieves pressure on stomach and reduces reflux symptoms.
Provide small sips of room-temperature water every 5-10 minutes if tolerated, avoiding cold fluids that may worsen cramping.
Monitor vital signs and observe for deterioration including persistent vomiting, severe dehydration or signs of heat illness.
Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms persist beyond 30 minutes or worsen despite first aid measures.

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Sample Answer

Digestive System Stress:

Exercise redirects blood flow away from digestive organs to working muscles, reducing digestive efficiency and causing painful abdominal cramping.
Eating within 2-3 hours of exercise leaves undigested food in stomach, leading to nausea, vomiting and uncomfortable bloating during activity.
Dehydration impairs digestive secretions and intestinal function, resulting in severe cramping and potential diarrhea during prolonged exercise.
High-intensity movement creates mechanical stress on abdominal organs, causing side stitches and acid reflux that impair performance.

First Aid Responses:

Stop activity immediately when severe cramping occurs to prevent further digestive distress and allow blood flow redistribution.
Place person in comfortable left side-lying position, which relieves pressure on stomach and reduces reflux symptoms.
Provide small sips of room-temperature water every 5-10 minutes if tolerated, avoiding cold fluids that may worsen cramping.
Monitor vital signs and observe for deterioration including persistent vomiting, severe dehydration or signs of heat illness.
Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms persist beyond 30 minutes or worsen despite first aid measures.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 128 MC

During a cross-country run, an athlete experiences severe abdominal cramping. Which first aid response would be most appropriate?

Continue running at race pace
Increase fluid intake rapidly
Start walking immediately
Stop activity and lie in a comfortable position

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\(D\)

Show Worked Solution

D is correct: Stopping activity and finding a comfortable position allows assessment of digestive system stress and prevents further complications.

Other Options:

A is incorrect: Would increase digestive system stress
B is incorrect: Rapid fluid intake may worsen symptoms
C is incorrect: Immediate walking may exacerbate cramping

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 127

Evaluate how the digestive and endocrine systems influence movement capacity and analyse first aid responses when these systems create undue stress on the body. (12 marks)

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Sample Answer

Evaluation Statement

The digestive and endocrine systems have significant influence on movement capacity through nutrient processing and hormonal regulation.
Evaluation criteria include energy availability, system efficiency, and stress response management.

Digestive System Impact on Movement

Nutrient absorption proves highly critical for sustained movement capacity.
The system effectively converts food into usable energy for muscle function.
During exercise, blood flow redistribution moderately compromises digestive efficiency.
Adequate hydration maintenance through fluid absorption strongly supports movement performance.
Digestive distress severely impairs movement quality through cramping and discomfort.
Overall assessment shows the digestive system’s essential role in fueling movement.

Endocrine System Regulation

Hormonal control demonstrates exceptional importance for movement capacity.
Insulin and glucagon optimally regulate blood glucose for consistent energy supply.
Cortisol release adequately manages stress responses during physical activity.
Adrenaline production significantly enhances immediate energy availability for intense movement.
Electrolyte balance through hormonal control effectively maintains muscle function.
The system proves indispensable for coordinated movement responses.

System Stress Indicators Analysis

Digestive stress manifests through cramping, nausea, and potential vomiting.
These symptoms directly interfere with movement continuation and performance.
Endocrine stress presents as blood glucose irregularities and excessive sweating.
Coordination deficits and mood changes clearly indicate hormonal imbalance.
The relationship reveals how system stress cascades into movement impairment.

First Aid Response Evaluation

Immediate conscious state assessment critically determines intervention urgency.
Blood glucose testing accurately identifies endocrine emergencies requiring rapid response.
Hydration status evaluation effectively guides fluid replacement strategies.
Positioning for comfort successfully reduces digestive distress symptoms.
Small electrolyte solution sips appropriately address both systems’ needs.

Intervention Effectiveness

Activity cessation proves most effective for preventing further system stress.
Glucose administration rapidly corrects hypoglycaemic episodes when needed.
Medical referral for severe symptoms ensures appropriate advanced care.
Combined strategies comprehensively address multi-system dysfunction.
Evidence confirms integrated approaches yield superior outcomes.

Prevention and Management

Nutrition timing strategies substantially reduce digestive stress during movement.
Appropriate hydration planning effectively prevents system overload.
Early warning sign recognition enables timely intervention before crisis.
Rest period implementation successfully prevents hormonal exhaustion.
Preventive measures prove more effective than reactive treatment.

Final Evaluation

Both systems show vital influence on movement capacity through energy and regulatory functions.
System stress creates significant movement impairment requiring systematic first aid responses.
While each system functions independently, their integration determines overall movement capability.
Therefore, understanding these systems is essential for maintaining movement capacity and providing appropriate first aid.

Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

Evaluation Statement

The digestive and endocrine systems have significant influence on movement capacity through nutrient processing and hormonal regulation.
Evaluation criteria include energy availability, system efficiency, and stress response management.

Digestive System Impact on Movement

Nutrient absorption proves highly critical for sustained movement capacity.
The system effectively converts food into usable energy for muscle function.
During exercise, blood flow redistribution moderately compromises digestive efficiency.
Adequate hydration maintenance through fluid absorption strongly supports movement performance.
Digestive distress severely impairs movement quality through cramping and discomfort.
Overall assessment shows the digestive system’s essential role in fueling movement.

Endocrine System Regulation

Hormonal control demonstrates exceptional importance for movement capacity.
Insulin and glucagon optimally regulate blood glucose for consistent energy supply.
Cortisol release adequately manages stress responses during physical activity.
Adrenaline production significantly enhances immediate energy availability for intense movement.
Electrolyte balance through hormonal control effectively maintains muscle function.
The system proves indispensable for coordinated movement responses.

System Stress Indicators Analysis

Digestive stress manifests through cramping, nausea, and potential vomiting.
These symptoms directly interfere with movement continuation and performance.
Endocrine stress presents as blood glucose irregularities and excessive sweating.
Coordination deficits and mood changes clearly indicate hormonal imbalance.
The relationship reveals how system stress cascades into movement impairment.

First Aid Response Evaluation

Immediate conscious state assessment critically determines intervention urgency.
Blood glucose testing accurately identifies endocrine emergencies requiring rapid response.
Hydration status evaluation effectively guides fluid replacement strategies.
Positioning for comfort successfully reduces digestive distress symptoms.
Small electrolyte solution sips appropriately address both systems’ needs.

Intervention Effectiveness

Activity cessation proves most effective for preventing further system stress.
Glucose administration rapidly corrects hypoglycaemic episodes when needed.
Medical referral for severe symptoms ensures appropriate advanced care.
Combined strategies comprehensively address multi-system dysfunction.
Evidence confirms integrated approaches yield superior outcomes.

Prevention and Management

Nutrition timing strategies substantially reduce digestive stress during movement.
Appropriate hydration planning effectively prevents system overload.
Early warning sign recognition enables timely intervention before crisis.
Rest period implementation successfully prevents hormonal exhaustion.
Preventive measures prove more effective than reactive treatment.

Final Evaluation

Both systems show vital influence on movement capacity through energy and regulatory functions.
System stress creates significant movement impairment requiring systematic first aid responses.
While each system functions independently, their integration determines overall movement capability.
Therefore, understanding these systems is essential for maintaining movement capacity and providing appropriate first aid.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 126 MC

During a marathon at the 30 kilometre mark, an athlete shows signs of digestive and endocrine system stress. Which combination of symptoms requires immediate first aid intervention?

Excessive sweating and mild nausea
Severe stomach cramps and confusion
Muscle fatigue and thirst
Light-headedness and hunger

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\(B\)

Show Worked Solution

B is correct: Severe stomach cramps indicate significant digestive distress while confusion suggests hormonal imbalance affecting blood glucose regulation.

Other Options:

A is incorrect: Normal physiological response to endurance exercise
C is incorrect: Expected symptoms during endurance events
D is incorrect: Common symptoms that can be managed through normal race nutrition

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 125

Evaluate the interrelationship between body systems during movement and justify when first aid intervention is required. (12 marks)

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Sample Answer

Evaluation Statement

Body systems demonstrate highly effective interrelationships during movement, with clear indicators for first aid intervention.
Evaluation criteria include coordination efficiency, system integration, and intervention timing.

Nervous System Control

The nervous system shows superior coordination capabilities by initiating all voluntary movement.
Motor unit recruitment optimally controls muscle timing and force production.
Proprioceptive feedback effectively maintains balance and posture throughout movement.
Neural dysfunction such as tingling or loss of coordination strongly indicates immediate first aid need.
Assessment reveals the nervous system’s central role in movement control.

Musculoskeletal Partnership

Muscular and skeletal systems work exceptionally well together to produce movement.
Muscles generate force while bones provide optimal leverage through joint systems.
Joint stability successfully enables safe force transfer during dynamic activities.
Visible deformity or inability to move clearly justifies RICER protocol application.
The partnership proves essential for efficient movement production.

Cardiorespiratory Support

Circulatory and respiratory systems show excellent coordination meeting movement demands.
Increased blood flow to active muscles adequately supplies oxygen and nutrients.
Elevated breathing rates efficiently remove carbon dioxide and metabolic waste.
Abnormal vital signs like irregular pulse critically indicate emergency intervention needs.
These systems demonstrate vital support for sustained movement.

Compensation Patterns

Body systems effectively compensate for each other during minor stress.
Secondary muscle activation when primary movers fatigue shows adequate adaptation.
However, obvious compensation patterns strongly suggest system overload.
Altered breathing or movement patterns justify immediate assessment.
Recognition of compensation determines intervention timing.

First Aid Assessment

DRSABCD protocol comprehensively evaluates vital system function.
Secondary assessment thoroughly examines movement quality and coordination.
Range of motion testing accurately identifies musculoskeletal dysfunction.
Systematic assessment appropriate interensures vention selection.
The process effectively prevents secondary complications.

Integrated Management

Holistic first aid approaches prove most effective for system-wide issues.
RICER specifically addresses musculoskeletal problems while maintaining system function.
Positioning and breathing support cardoptimally maintain iorespiratory efficiency.
Combined strategies significantly improve recovery outcomes.
Integration demonstrates superior results compared to isolated treatments.

Final Evaluation

Body systems show highly sophisticated interrelationships during movement, with each system supporting others.
Clear indicators exist for determining when first aid becomes necessary.
While systems compensate effectively initially, persistent dysfunction requires immediate intervention.
Therefore, understanding system interrelationships is essential for appropriate first aid timing and selection.

Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

Evaluation Statement

Body systems demonstrate highly effective interrelationships during movement, with clear indicators for first aid intervention.
Evaluation criteria include coordination efficiency, system integration, and intervention timing.

Nervous System Control

The nervous system shows superior coordination capabilities by initiating all voluntary movement.
Motor unit recruitment optimally controls muscle timing and force production.
Proprioceptive feedback effectively maintains balance and posture throughout movement.
Neural dysfunction such as tingling or loss of coordination strongly indicates immediate first aid need.
Assessment reveals the nervous system’s central role in movement control.

Musculoskeletal Partnership

Muscular and skeletal systems work exceptionally well together to produce movement.
Muscles generate force while bones provide optimal leverage through joint systems.
Joint stability successfully enables safe force transfer during dynamic activities.
Visible deformity or inability to move clearly justifies RICER protocol application.
The partnership proves essential for efficient movement production.

Cardiorespiratory Support

Circulatory and respiratory systems show excellent coordination meeting movement demands.
Increased blood flow to active muscles adequately supplies oxygen and nutrients.
Elevated breathing rates efficiently remove carbon dioxide and metabolic waste.
Abnormal vital signs like irregular pulse critically indicate emergency intervention needs.
These systems demonstrate vital support for sustained movement.

Compensation Patterns

Body systems effectively compensate for each other during minor stress.
Secondary muscle activation when primary movers fatigue shows adequate adaptation.
However, obvious compensation patterns strongly suggest system overload.
Altered breathing or movement patterns justify immediate assessment.
Recognition of compensation determines intervention timing.

First Aid Assessment

DRSABCD protocol comprehensively evaluates vital system function.
Secondary assessment thoroughly examines movement quality and coordination.
Range of motion testing accurately identifies musculoskeletal dysfunction.
Systematic assessment appropriate interensures vention selection.
The process effectively prevents secondary complications.

Integrated Management

Holistic first aid approaches prove most effective for system-wide issues.
RICER specifically addresses musculoskeletal problems while maintaining system function.
Positioning and breathing support cardoptimally maintain iorespiratory efficiency.
Combined strategies significantly improve recovery outcomes.
Integration demonstrates superior results compared to isolated treatments.

Final Evaluation

Body systems show highly sophisticated interrelationships during movement, with each system supporting others.
Clear indicators exist for determining when first aid becomes necessary.
While systems compensate effectively initially, persistent dysfunction requires immediate intervention.
Therefore, understanding system interrelationships is essential for appropriate first aid timing and selection.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 124

Analyse how the nervous system influences movement efficiency and discuss appropriate first aid interventions when neural responses are compromised. (8 marks)

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Sample Answer

Overview Statement

The nervous system controls muscle coordination and sensory feedback, directly affecting movement efficiency. Key relationships include neural-muscle communication, proprioceptive feedback, and compromised function requiring first aid.

Neural-Muscle Coordination

The nervous system controls which muscles work together, directly influencing movement efficiency.
Neural coordination enables muscles to activate at precise times and use energy effectively.
During running, the nervous system activates hip muscles before foot contact while relaxing opposing muscles.
This creates 25% more efficient running than uncoordinated muscle contractions.
This pattern shows how the nervous system is essential for efficient movement.

Proprioceptive Feedback System

Body position sensors provide continuous feedback that connects to balance and coordination.
The nervous system processes information from sensors to make instant adjustments.
Balance sensors in ears and position sensors in joints help athletes maintain centre of gravity within 2cm of optimal position.
This reveals the connection between nervous feedback and precise movement efficiency.

First Aid When Neural Function Compromised

When the nervous system is damaged, immediate intervention prevents further injury and enables recovery.
Recognising nerve problems leads to proper emergency response protecting immediate safety.
Athletes experiencing tingling, coordination loss, or irregular muscle function require immediate activity cessation.
TOTAPS assessment focusing on sensation testing prevents worsening of nerve injuries.

Implications and Synthesis

These relationships show the nervous system orchestrates all efficient movement through coordination and feedback.
When neural function is compromised, movement efficiency decreases dramatically.
Therefore, first aid protocols must prioritise neural assessment and protection.
The significance is that proper intervention can prevent permanent damage and preserve movement capacity.

Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

Overview Statement

The nervous system controls muscle coordination and sensory feedback, directly affecting movement efficiency. Key relationships include neural-muscle communication, proprioceptive feedback, and compromised function requiring first aid.

Neural-Muscle Coordination

The nervous system controls which muscles work together, directly influencing movement efficiency.
Neural coordination enables muscles to activate at precise times and use energy effectively.
During running, the nervous system activates hip muscles before foot contact while relaxing opposing muscles.
This creates 25% more efficient running than uncoordinated muscle contractions.
This pattern shows how the nervous system is essential for efficient movement.

Proprioceptive Feedback System

Body position sensors provide continuous feedback that connects to balance and coordination.
The nervous system processes information from sensors to make instant adjustments.
Balance sensors in ears and position sensors in joints help athletes maintain centre of gravity within 2cm of optimal position.
This reveals the connection between nervous feedback and precise movement efficiency.

First Aid When Neural Function Compromised

When the nervous system is damaged, immediate intervention prevents further injury and enables recovery.
Recognising nerve problems leads to proper emergency response protecting immediate safety.
Athletes experiencing tingling, coordination loss, or irregular muscle function require immediate activity cessation.
TOTAPS assessment focusing on sensation testing prevents worsening of nerve injuries.

Implications and Synthesis

These relationships show the nervous system orchestrates all efficient movement through coordination and feedback.
When neural function is compromised, movement efficiency decreases dramatically.
Therefore, first aid protocols must prioritise neural assessment and protection.
The significance is that proper intervention can prevent permanent damage and preserve movement capacity.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 123

Explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems respond to movement and describe appropriate first aid responses when these systems show signs of stress. (5 marks)

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Sample Answer

The respiratory system responds to movement through increased oxygen demand. This occurs because working muscles require more oxygen for energy production. As a result, breathing rate and depth increase to supply adequate oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
The circulatory system responds by increasing heart rate and stroke volume. This leads to greater cardiac output, which enables faster oxygen delivery to muscles. Consequently, blood flow is redirected from non-essential organs to working muscles.
This demonstrates how both systems work together during movement. The interaction allows efficient oxygen delivery and waste removal. This relationship results in sustained energy production for continued movement.
Signs of respiratory stress include abnormal breathing patterns, wheezing or gasping. This happens when oxygen demand exceeds supply. Therefore, first aid requires immediately stopping activity, sitting the person upright, and encouraging controlled breathing.
Circulatory stress presents as irregular pulse, chest pain or dizziness. This triggers the need for immediate intervention. The appropriate response involves lying the person down with elevated legs, monitoring vital signs, and implementing the STOP protocol if symptoms persist.

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Sample Answer

The respiratory system responds to movement through increased oxygen demand. This occurs because working muscles require more oxygen for energy production. As a result, breathing rate and depth increase to supply adequate oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
The circulatory system responds by increasing heart rate and stroke volume. This leads to greater cardiac output, which enables faster oxygen delivery to muscles. Consequently, blood flow is redirected from non-essential organs to working muscles.
This demonstrates how both systems work together during movement. The interaction allows efficient oxygen delivery and waste removal. This relationship results in sustained energy production for continued movement.
Signs of respiratory stress include abnormal breathing patterns, wheezing or gasping. This happens when oxygen demand exceeds supply. Therefore, first aid requires immediately stopping activity, sitting the person upright, and encouraging controlled breathing.
Circulatory stress presents as irregular pulse, chest pain or dizziness. This triggers the need for immediate intervention. The appropriate response involves lying the person down with elevated legs, monitoring vital signs, and implementing the STOP protocol if symptoms persist.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 122

Outline how the muscular and skeletal systems work together during movement and identify when first aid intervention is required. (3 marks)

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Sample Answer

The muscular and skeletal systems work together as lever systems. Muscles attach to bones at origin and insertion points, creating movement through contraction and relaxation.
First aid intervention is required when movement causes sudden sharp pain or muscle inability to contract. Visible deformity or loss of joint stability indicates possible strain, sprain or fracture.
Warning signs include hearing a “pop” sound at time of injury, immediate swelling, or inability to bear weight on the affected area.

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Sample Answer

The muscular and skeletal systems work together as lever systems. Muscles attach to bones at origin and insertion points, creating movement through contraction and relaxation.
First aid intervention is required when movement causes sudden sharp pain or muscle inability to contract. Visible deformity or loss of joint stability indicates possible strain, sprain or fracture.
Warning signs include hearing a “pop” sound at time of injury, immediate swelling, or inability to bear weight on the affected area.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 121 MC

A swimmer's circulatory system shows signs of overload during training. Which response would a first aider prioritise?

Monitor respiratory rate
Check pulse and skin colour
Assess muscle strength
Test joint mobility

Show Answers Only

\(B\)

Show Worked Solution

B is correct: Pulse and skin colour are primary indicators of circulatory system status.

Other Options:

A is incorrect: Secondary indicator only of circulatory function
C is incorrect: Not directly related to circulatory system status
D is incorrect: Not related to immediate circulatory concerns

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 120 MC

Which combination of symptoms indicates the musculoskeletal and nervous systems require immediate first aid intervention during movement?

Muscle spasm with tingling
General fatigue with sweating
Increased heart rate with thirst
Joint stiffness with warmth

Show Answers Only

\(A\)

Show Worked Solution

A is correct: Combined muscular and neural symptoms indicate need for immediate assessment of both systems.

Other Options:

B is incorrect: Normal physiological response to exercise
C is incorrect: Normal cardiovascular response to exercise
D is incorrect: Normal musculoskeletal response to movement

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 119 MC

During high-intensity exercise, an athlete's respiratory system shows signs of distress. Which first aid response addresses the immediate physiological need?

Increase exercise intensity
Position in recovery position
Seated position with controlled breathing
Continue normal breathing pattern

Show Answers Only

\(C\)

Show Worked Solution

C is correct: Controlled breathing in a seated position helps restore respiratory system function.

Other Options:

A is incorrect: Increasing intensity would further stress compromised respiratory system
B is incorrect: Recovery position not required if conscious and breathing
D is incorrect: Normal breathing pattern insufficient to address respiratory distress