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HMS, BM EQ-Bank 159

Explain how the rate of ATP production affects an athlete's performance in a 200 m sprint.  (6 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • The ATP-PCr system produces ATP rapidly from creatine phosphate to power explosive acceleration in the first 10-15 m of the race.
  • The glycolytic system becomes the main ATP producer through rapid glucose breakdown, allowing continued high-intensity effort through the middle section.
  • The aerobic system contributes minimal ATP due to its slow production rate and the oxygen deficit created during maximal sprinting.
  • The glycolytic system’s rapid ATP production creates lactic acid as a by-product, which begins to interfere with energy production.
  • Enzyme function and muscle contraction become impaired as lactic acid accumulates, reducing the rate of ATP production.
  • Running speed decreases in the final 50 m as the rate of ATP production can no longer support maximal sprint intensity.
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Sample Answer

  • The ATP-PCr system produces ATP rapidly from creatine phosphate to power explosive acceleration in the first 10-15 m of the race.
  • The glycolytic system becomes the main ATP producer through rapid glucose breakdown, allowing continued high-intensity effort through the middle section.
  • The aerobic system contributes minimal ATP due to its slow production rate and the oxygen deficit created during maximal sprinting.
  • The glycolytic system’s rapid ATP production creates lactic acid as a by-product, which begins to interfere with energy production.
  • Enzyme function and muscle contraction become impaired as lactic acid accumulates, reducing the rate of ATP production.
  • Running speed decreases in the final 50 m as the rate of ATP production can no longer support maximal sprint intensity.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 158

Explain how the three energy systems provide ATP during a 1500 m race.  (6 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • The ATP-PCr system provides immediate ATP for the race start and tactical surges through rapid breakdown of stored creatine phosphate in muscle cells.
  • The glycolytic system becomes dominant by producing ATP rapidly from glucose breakdown, though accumulating lactic acid affects performance.
  • The aerobic system becomes the main ATP provider by completely breaking down glucose with oxygen in the mitochondria to power the middle section.
  • Accumulated lactic acid from the glycolytic system reduces running efficiency while the aerobic system maintains steady ATP production.
  • The three energy systems work together with varying contributions depending on race intensity and tactical requirements.
  • ATP for the final sprint comes from remaining ATP-PCr stores and glycolytic system despite accumulated fatigue.
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Sample Answer

  • The ATP-PCr system provides immediate ATP for the race start and tactical surges through rapid breakdown of stored creatine phosphate in muscle cells.
  • The glycolytic system becomes dominant by producing ATP rapidly from glucose breakdown, though accumulating lactic acid affects performance.
  • The aerobic system becomes the main ATP provider by completely breaking down glucose with oxygen in the mitochondria to power the middle section.
  • Accumulated lactic acid from the glycolytic system reduces running efficiency while the aerobic system maintains steady ATP production.
  • The three energy systems work together with varying contributions depending on race intensity and tactical requirements.
  • ATP for the final sprint comes from remaining ATP-PCr stores and glycolytic system despite accumulated fatigue.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 157

Compare the efficiency of ATP production between the glycolytic and aerobic systems.   (5 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • The glycolytic system rapidly produces 2-3 ATP molecules through anaerobic glucose breakdown, supporting high-intensity activities lasting 10-60 seconds.
  • The aerobic system yields 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule through complete oxidation, but occurs at a slower rate for sustained activities.
  • Glycolytic efficiency is limited by lactic acid accumulation causing fatigue and restricting continuous high-intensity performance.
  • The aerobic system produces CO2 and H2O as by-products, allowing sustained energy production without causing fatigue.
  • While more efficient in ATP yield, the aerobic system requires constant oxygen availability and can only support submaximal exercise intensities.
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Sample Answer

  • The glycolytic system rapidly produces 2-3 ATP molecules through anaerobic glucose breakdown, supporting high-intensity activities lasting 10-60 seconds.
  • The aerobic system yields 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule through complete oxidation, but occurs at a slower rate for sustained activities.
  • Glycolytic efficiency is limited by lactic acid accumulation causing fatigue and restricting continuous high-intensity performance.
  • The aerobic system produces CO2 and H2O as by-products, allowing sustained energy production without causing fatigue.
  • While more efficient in ATP yield, the aerobic system requires constant oxygen availability and can only support submaximal exercise intensities.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 156

Outline the efficiency of ATP production in the ATP-PCr system.   (4 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • The ATP-PCr system provides the most rapid rate of ATP production of all energy systems, making it crucial for explosive activities like sprinting or jumping.
  • When creatine phosphate breaks down, it forms one ATP molecule, providing immediate energy for high-intensity efforts.
  • Despite its speed, the system is limited by the small amount of creatine phosphate stored within the muscle cells, typically only 8-10 seconds worth of energy.
  • During maximal effort activities like a 100 m sprint, the ATP-PCr system becomes depleted within 10 seconds, requiring other energy systems to take over for continued activity.
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Sample Answer

  • The ATP-PCr system provides the most rapid rate of ATP production of all energy systems, making it crucial for explosive activities like sprinting or jumping.
  • When creatine phosphate breaks down, it forms one ATP molecule, providing immediate energy for high-intensity efforts.
  • Despite its speed, the system is limited by the small amount of creatine phosphate stored within the muscle cells, typically only 8-10 seconds worth of energy.
  • During maximal effort activities like a 100 m sprint, the ATP-PCr system becomes depleted within 10 seconds, requiring other energy systems to take over for continued activity.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 155 MC

Which statement best explains why the aerobic system produces the most ATP?

  1. It has the fastest reaction rate
  2. It uses more glucose molecules
  3. It doesn't produce waste products
  4. It completes glucose breakdown
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Consider Option D:  It completes glucose breakdown

  • The aerobic system completely breaks down glucose and allows for maximum ATP extraction (36-38 ATP) from each glucose molecule. Other systems only partially break down glucose.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Aerobic system has slowest reaction rate of all 3 energy systems. ATP-PCr is fastest, followed by glycolytic then aerobic.
  • B is incorrect: The amount of glucose molecules used is not the determining factor in ATP production. It’s the completeness of the breakdown process.
  • C is incorrect: Aerobic system produces waste products (CO2 and H2O).

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 154 MC

During a 400m sprint, what amount of ATP would ONE glucose molecule produce through the glycolytic system?

  1. 1-2 ATP
  2. 2-3 ATP
  3. 8-10 ATP
  4. 36-38 ATP
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Consider Option B:  2-3 ATP

  • Net ATP yield from glycolysis

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Too low for glycolysis
  • C is incorrect: Too high for anaerobic glycolysis
  • D is incorrect: This is aerobic system yield

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 153 MC

Which energy system produces ATP at the fastest rate?

  1. Glycolytic
  2. Aerobic
  3. ATP-PCr
  4. All systems produce ATP at the same rate
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Show Worked Solution

Consider Option C: ATP-PCr

  • ATP-PCr has fastest production rate but limited stores

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Slower than ATP-PCr but faster than aerobic
  • B is incorrect: Slowest but most efficient system
  • D is incorrect: Systems have different production rates

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 147

Describe the relationship between energy system efficiency and ATP production.   (5 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • ATP-PCr most efficient for immediate energy but limited ATP yield (1-2 ATP)
  • Glycolytic system produces moderate ATP (2-3 ATP) but accumulates lactic acid
  • Aerobic system most efficient producing 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule
  • Efficiency decreases as intensity increases due to oxygen availability
  • ATP production rate highest in ATP-PCr but duration limited by CP stores
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Sample Answer

  • ATP-PCr most efficient for immediate energy but limited ATP yield (1-2 ATP)
  • Glycolytic system produces moderate ATP (2-3 ATP) but accumulates lactic acid
  • Aerobic system most efficient producing 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule
  • Efficiency decreases as intensity increases due to oxygen availability
  • ATP production rate highest in ATP-PCr but duration limited by CP stores