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HMS, BM 2017 HSC 7 MC

What are the waste products of the aerobic energy system?

  1. Lactate, heat, water
  2. Lactate, oxygen, creatine
  3. Carbon dioxide, heat, water
  4. Carbon dioxide, oxygen, creatine
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\(C\)

Show Worked Solution

  • C is correct: Aerobic system produces carbon dioxide, heat and water as waste products.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Lactate is produced by the lactic acid system, not aerobic system.
  • B is incorrect: Oxygen is consumed by the aerobic system, not produced as waste.
  • D is incorrect: Oxygen and creatine are not waste products of aerobic metabolism.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 774

An Olympic rower competes in a 2000-metre race lasting approximately 6-7 minutes. Critically analyse how the efficiency of ATP production in different energy systems affects the athlete's pacing strategy and overall performance.   (8 marks)

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Sample Answer

Overview Statement

  • ATP production efficiency directly influences pacing decisions throughout the 2000m race.
  • The relationship between speed and efficiency determines sustainable effort levels at each race stage.

Start Phase and Efficiency Trade-offs

  • Initial acceleration relies on ATP-PCr and glycolytic systems for rapid energy despite poor efficiency.
  • These systems produce ATP quickly but generate limited amounts per fuel molecule used.
  • This inefficiency means the fast start cannot be maintained beyond 30-45 seconds.
  • Therefore, rowers must transition to more efficient systems or face rapid exhaustion.

Middle Race Efficiency Optimisation

  • The aerobic system provides most ATP during the middle race segments.
  • Complete fuel breakdown yields far more ATP per glucose molecule than anaerobic systems.
  • This superior efficiency enables sustained high-intensity effort for several minutes.
  • Pacing depends on maintaining intensity where aerobic metabolism dominates energy production.

Final Sprint Energy Dynamics

  • The last section requires shifting back to less efficient but faster energy systems.
  • Glycolytic system reactivation allows increased speed despite efficiency loss.
  • Lactic acid accumulation results from this deliberate efficiency sacrifice.
  • This trade-off demonstrates how performance goals override efficiency in race-critical moments.

Implications and Synthesis

  • Efficiency differences create distinct pacing phases: explosive start, sustained middle, powerful finish.
  • The aerobic system’s efficiency determines how fast the middle pace can be maintained.
  • Strategic inefficiency at start and finish proves that winning requires more than optimal efficiency.
  • Therefore, successful pacing balances the competing demands of speed and sustainable energy production.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

Overview Statement

  • ATP production efficiency directly influences pacing decisions throughout the 2000m race.
  • The relationship between speed and efficiency determines sustainable effort levels at each race stage.

Start Phase and Efficiency Trade-offs

  • Initial acceleration relies on ATP-PCr and glycolytic systems for rapid energy despite poor efficiency.
  • These systems produce ATP quickly but generate limited amounts per fuel molecule used.
  • This inefficiency means the fast start cannot be maintained beyond 30-45 seconds.
  • Therefore, rowers must transition to more efficient systems or face rapid exhaustion.

Middle Race Efficiency Optimisation

  • The aerobic system provides most ATP during the middle race segments.
  • Complete fuel breakdown yields far more ATP per glucose molecule than anaerobic systems.
  • This superior efficiency enables sustained high-intensity effort for several minutes.
  • Pacing depends on maintaining intensity where aerobic metabolism dominates energy production.

Final Sprint Energy Dynamics

  • The last section requires shifting back to less efficient but faster energy systems.
  • Glycolytic system reactivation allows increased speed despite efficiency loss.
  • Lactic acid accumulation results from this deliberate efficiency sacrifice.
  • This trade-off demonstrates how performance goals override efficiency in race-critical moments.

Implications and Synthesis

  • Efficiency differences create distinct pacing phases: explosive start, sustained middle, powerful finish.
  • The aerobic system’s efficiency determines how fast the middle pace can be maintained.
  • Strategic inefficiency at start and finish proves that winning requires more than optimal efficiency.
  • Therefore, successful pacing balances the competing demands of speed and sustainable energy production.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 773

Evaluate how the efficiency of ATP production impacts the performance of a soccer midfielder who must perform repeated high-intensity efforts throughout a 90-minute match.   (8 marks)

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Sample Answer

Evaluation Statement

  • ATP production efficiency greatly affects a midfielder’s match performance.
  • Evaluation based on: energy system capacity, fatigue management, and performance sustainability.

Sprint Performance

  • ATP-PCr system’s rapid production enables explosive movements but depletes within 10-15 seconds.
  • Limited capacity forces reliance on less efficient systems for subsequent efforts.
  • Recovery requires several minutes, creating performance gaps between sprints.
  • Quick energy is essential but proves inadequate for continuous high-intensity demands.

High-Intensity Running

  • Glycolytic system produces ATP quickly but creates lactic acid as a by-product.
  • Lactic acid build-up makes muscles acidic and reduces their ability to contract after 30-90 seconds.
  • Repeated efforts cause increasing fatigue that slows sprint speed noticeably.
  • The trade-off between quick energy and fatigue build-up limits sustained performance.

Match Endurance

  • Aerobic system’s complete fuel breakdown provides the most ATP per glucose molecule.
  • This efficiency enables PCr recovery between efforts and helps clear lactic acid during lower intensity periods.
  • The aerobic system sustains most energy needs throughout the full match.
  • Superior efficiency allows midfielders to maintain work rate despite growing tiredness.

Final Evaluation

  • Aerobic efficiency proves most critical for repeated efforts throughout a match.
  • Midfielders with better aerobic fitness maintain higher work rates and recover faster between sprints.
  • While all systems contribute, aerobic efficiency ultimately determines sustainable performance level over 90 minutes.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

Evaluation Statement

  • ATP production efficiency greatly affects a midfielder’s match performance.
  • Evaluation based on: energy system capacity, fatigue management, and performance sustainability.

Sprint Performance

  • ATP-PCr system’s rapid production enables explosive movements but depletes within 10-15 seconds.
  • Limited capacity forces reliance on less efficient systems for subsequent efforts.
  • Recovery requires several minutes, creating performance gaps between sprints.
  • Quick energy is essential but proves inadequate for continuous high-intensity demands.

High-Intensity Running

  • Glycolytic system produces ATP quickly but creates lactic acid as a by-product.
  • Lactic acid build-up makes muscles acidic and reduces their ability to contract after 30-90 seconds.
  • Repeated efforts cause increasing fatigue that slows sprint speed noticeably.
  • The trade-off between quick energy and fatigue build-up limits sustained performance.

Match Endurance

  • Aerobic system’s complete fuel breakdown provides the most ATP per glucose molecule.
  • This efficiency enables PCr recovery between efforts and helps clear lactic acid during lower intensity periods.
  • The aerobic system sustains most energy needs throughout the full match.
  • Superior efficiency allows midfielders to maintain work rate despite growing tiredness.

Final Evaluation

  • Aerobic efficiency proves most critical for repeated efforts throughout a match.
  • Midfielders with better aerobic fitness maintain higher work rates and recover faster between sprints.
  • While all systems contribute, aerobic efficiency ultimately determines sustainable performance level over 90 minutes.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 772

A 400-metre runner requires significant energy production throughout the race, which typically lasts 45-60 seconds. Explain how the efficiency of ATP production in different energy systems affects the runner's performance throughout the race.   (4 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • The ATP-PCr system provides immediate energy for the first 2-3 seconds, enabling explosive acceleration from the blocks.
  • By 10 seconds, the glycolytic system becomes predominant, producing ATP rapidly but inefficiently (2 ATP per glucose), causing lactic acid accumulation.
  • Around 30 seconds, the aerobic system contributes more significantly with higher efficiency (36-38 ATP per glucose).
  • In the final 100 metres, glycolytic inefficiency and lactic acid accumulation reduce speed, requiring optimal development of all energy systems for success.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer 

  • The ATP-PCr system provides immediate energy for the first 2-3 seconds, enabling explosive acceleration from the blocks.
  • By 10 seconds, the glycolytic system becomes predominant, producing ATP rapidly but inefficiently (2 ATP per glucose), causing lactic acid accumulation.
  • Around 30 seconds, the aerobic system contributes more significantly with higher efficiency (36-38 ATP per glucose).
  • In the final 100 metres, glycolytic inefficiency and lactic acid accumulation reduce speed, requiring optimal development of all energy systems for success.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 771

Discuss how the ATP-PCr system efficiently produces energy for explosive movements despite its limited capacity for sustained activity.   (4 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • The ATP-PCr system quickly rebuilds ATP in one step by transferring phosphate from phosphocreatine to ADP, making it the fastest energy production method.
  • This system requires no oxygen or complex chemical processes, allowing immediate energy availability during explosive movements like jumping or sprinting.
  • The system provides approximately 55% of energy during maximal activities lasting 1-10 seconds without producing fatiguing by-products.
  • While highly efficient for immediate needs, capacity is limited by small phosphocreatine storage (120g) in muscle cells.
  • Training enhances efficiency by increasing storage capacity and improving ATP regeneration rates.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  • The ATP-PCr system quickly rebuilds ATP in one step by transferring phosphate from phosphocreatine to ADP, making it the fastest energy production method.
  • This system requires no oxygen or complex chemical processes, allowing immediate energy availability during explosive movements like jumping or sprinting.
  • The system provides approximately 55% of energy during maximal activities lasting 1-10 seconds without producing fatiguing by-products.
  • While highly efficient for immediate needs, capacity is limited by small phosphocreatine storage (120g) in muscle cells.
  • Training enhances efficiency by increasing storage capacity and improving ATP regeneration rates.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 770

Analyse the factors that determine which energy system predominates during different phases of a basketball game.   (4 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • During explosive movements like jumping and sprinting, the ATP-PCr system predominates due to immediate energy demands lasting 2-10 seconds.
  • Fast breaks and sustained defensive pressure rely on the glycolytic system for high-intensity efforts lasting 30-90 seconds.
  • During timeouts and low-intensity periods, the aerobic system becomes predominant, facilitating recovery and ATP-PCr replenishment.
  • Game intensity, player fitness level, and tactical demands influence which system dominates at any given moment.
  • Quarter breaks allow complete energy system recovery, resetting metabolic demands for subsequent periods.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer 

  • During explosive movements like jumping and sprinting, the ATP-PCr system predominates due to immediate energy demands lasting 2-10 seconds.
  • Fast breaks and sustained defensive pressure rely on the glycolytic system for high-intensity efforts lasting 30-90 seconds.
  • During timeouts and low-intensity periods, the aerobic system becomes predominant, facilitating recovery and ATP-PCr replenishment.
  • Game intensity, player fitness level, and tactical demands influence which system dominates at any given moment.
  • Quarter breaks allow complete energy system recovery, resetting metabolic demands for subsequent periods.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 769 MC

Which energy system produces the MOST ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

  1. ATP-PCr system
  2. Glycolytic (lactic acid) system
  3. Aerobic energy system
  4. None of these systems produce ATP from glucose
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\(C\)

Show Worked Solution
  • C is correct: The aerobic system produces 36-38 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose through complete oxidation with oxygen, making it the most efficient system.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: The ATP-PCr system doesn’t directly use glucose as a fuel source; it uses phosphocreatine to regenerate ATP.
  • B is incorrect: The glycolytic (lactic acid) system produces only about 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule through anaerobic glycolysis.
  • D is incorrect: Both the glycolytic and aerobic systems produce ATP from glucose, with different levels of efficiency.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 760

Evaluate the importance of different fuel sources and their efficiency of ATP production for athletes competing in different duration events.   (8 marks)

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Sample Answer

Evaluation Statement

  • Fuel source selection and ATP production efficiency fundamentally determine athletic performance across different event durations.
  • Evaluation based on: fuel availability, ATP yield efficiency, and event-specific demands.

Short Duration Events (10-15 seconds)

  • Phosphocreatine provides the only fuel source for explosive efforts like shot put or 100m sprint starts.
  • This system produces ATP most rapidly, enabling maximum power output immediately.
  • However, limited PCr stores exhaust within seconds, making it unsuitable for longer efforts.
  • The trade-off between speed and capacity proves ideal for brief maximal performances.

Medium Duration Events (30 seconds – 2 minutes)

  • Glucose becomes the primary fuel through anaerobic breakdown during 400m runs or 100m swims.
  • This produces ATP quickly but inefficiently, with only partial glucose breakdown occurring.
  • Lactic acid accumulation limits duration despite adequate glucose availability.
  • Athletes must balance intensity against rapidly increasing fatigue from metabolic by-products.

Long Duration Events (over 3 minutes)

  • Both carbohydrates and fats fuel aerobic metabolism in marathons and distance cycling.
  • Complete fuel oxidation yields far more ATP per glucose molecule than anaerobic systems.
  • Fat provides virtually unlimited energy but requires more oxygen per ATP produced.
  • Efficiency allows sustained performance though at lower intensities than anaerobic metabolism permits.

Final Evaluation

  • Event duration dictates optimal fuel source selection more than any other factor.
  • ATP production efficiency inversely relates to production speed across all systems.
  • Athletes cannot choose their fuel source; duration and intensity determine it automatically.
  • Understanding these relationships helps athletes pace efforts appropriately for their event.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer 

Evaluation Statement

  • Fuel source selection and ATP production efficiency fundamentally determine athletic performance across different event durations.
  • Evaluation based on: fuel availability, ATP yield efficiency, and event-specific demands.

Short Duration Events (10-15 seconds)

  • Phosphocreatine provides the only fuel source for explosive efforts like shot put or 100m sprint starts.
  • This system produces ATP most rapidly, enabling maximum power output immediately.
  • However, limited PCr stores exhaust within seconds, making it unsuitable for longer efforts.
  • The trade-off between speed and capacity proves ideal for brief maximal performances.

Medium Duration Events (30 seconds – 2 minutes)

  • Glucose becomes the primary fuel through anaerobic breakdown during 400m runs or 100m swims.
  • This produces ATP quickly but inefficiently, with only partial glucose breakdown occurring.
  • Lactic acid accumulation limits duration despite adequate glucose availability.
  • Athletes must balance intensity against rapidly increasing fatigue from metabolic by-products.

Long Duration Events (over 3 minutes)

  • Both carbohydrates and fats fuel aerobic metabolism in marathons and distance cycling.
  • Complete fuel oxidation yields far more ATP per glucose molecule than anaerobic systems.
  • Fat provides virtually unlimited energy but requires more oxygen per ATP produced.
  • Efficiency allows sustained performance though at lower intensities than anaerobic metabolism permits.

Final Evaluation

  • Event duration dictates optimal fuel source selection more than any other factor.
  • ATP production efficiency inversely relates to production speed across all systems.
  • Athletes cannot choose their fuel source; duration and intensity determine it automatically.
  • Understanding these relationships helps athletes pace efforts appropriately for their event.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 209 MC

Which activity would rely MOST heavily on the ATP-PCr system?

  1. High jump
  2. 800 metre run
  3. Marathon
  4. Tennis match
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\(A\)

Show Worked Solution
  • A is correct: High jump takes 1-3 seconds of explosive effort, perfectly matching ATP-PCr system duration

Other Options:

  • B is incorrect: 800m run takes 2-3 minutes, primarily using glycolytic and aerobic systems
  • C is incorrect: Marathon relies almost entirely on aerobic system for 2-4 hours
  • D is incorrect: Tennis involves repeated efforts using all three energy systems

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 159

Explain how the rate of ATP production affects an athlete's performance in a 200 metre sprint.  (6 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • The ATP-PCr system produces ATP rapidly from creatine phosphate breakdown to power explosive acceleration in the first 10-15 metres of the race, providing immediate energy without oxygen requirements for maximal power output.
  • As phosphocreatine stores deplete within 10-15 seconds, the glycolytic system becomes the main ATP producer through rapid glucose and glycogen breakdown, allowing continued high-intensity effort through the middle section of the race.
  • The aerobic system contributes minimal ATP due to its slow production rate compared to anaerobic systems and the significant oxygen deficit created during maximal sprinting intensity at race pace.
  • The glycolytic system’s rapid ATP production rate creates lactic acid as a metabolic by-product, which begins to accumulate in working muscles and interfere with continued energy production processes.
  • Muscle enzyme function and contraction efficiency become progressively impaired as lactic acid accumulates, causing muscle pH to decrease and reducing the overall rate of ATP production available for muscle contraction.
  • Running speed decreases significantly in the final 50 metres as the declining rate of ATP production from fatigued energy systems can no longer support maximal sprint intensity, forcing pace reduction despite tactical demands.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  • The ATP-PCr system produces ATP rapidly from creatine phosphate breakdown to power explosive acceleration in the first 10-15 metres of the race, providing immediate energy without oxygen requirements for maximal power output.
  • As phosphocreatine stores deplete within 10-15 seconds, the glycolytic system becomes the main ATP producer through rapid glucose and glycogen breakdown, allowing continued high-intensity effort through the middle section of the race.
  • The aerobic system contributes minimal ATP due to its slow production rate compared to anaerobic systems and the significant oxygen deficit created during maximal sprinting intensity at race pace.
  • The glycolytic system’s rapid ATP production rate creates lactic acid as a metabolic by-product, which begins to accumulate in working muscles and interfere with continued energy production processes.
  • Muscle enzyme function and contraction efficiency become progressively impaired as lactic acid accumulates, causing muscle pH to decrease and reducing the overall rate of ATP production available for muscle contraction.
  • Running speed decreases significantly in the final 50 metres as the declining rate of ATP production from fatigued energy systems can no longer support maximal sprint intensity, forcing pace reduction despite tactical demands.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 158

Explain how the three energy systems provide ATP during a 1500 metre running race.   (6 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • The ATP-PCr system provides immediate energy for the explosive start.
  • Stored phosphocreatine rapidly regenerates ATP without oxygen, enabling acceleration to race pace and tactical positioning for 10-15 seconds.
  • As PCr depletes, the glycolytic system becomes dominant from around 15 seconds onwards.
  • This occurs because glucose breaks down anaerobically, producing ATP quickly for sustained speed.
  • Lactic acid accumulates during this phase, causing progressive fatigue and burning sensations after 30-60 seconds.
  • Consequently, runners must regulate intensity to manage lactate build-up and maintain pace.
  • The aerobic system provides the majority of ATP throughout the race due to oxygen enabling complete glucose breakdown.
  • This sustained energy production allows runners to maintain race pace during middle segments.
  • Therefore, aerobic capacity determines sustainable race pace for most of the event.
  • All systems work simultaneously with varying contributions depending on intensity changes.
  • Tactical moves and pace variations result in shifts between system dominance throughout.
  • The final sprint relies on recovered PCr and increased glycolytic activity despite fatigue.
  • Thus, successful 1500m performance requires managing all three energy systems through tactical pacing.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  • The ATP-PCr system provides immediate energy for the explosive start.
  • Stored phosphocreatine rapidly regenerates ATP without oxygen, enabling acceleration to race pace and tactical positioning for 10-15 seconds.
  • As PCr depletes, the glycolytic system becomes dominant from around 15 seconds onwards.
  • This occurs because glucose breaks down anaerobically, producing ATP quickly for sustained speed.
  • Lactic acid accumulates during this phase, causing progressive fatigue and burning sensations after 30-60 seconds.
  • Consequently, runners must regulate intensity to manage lactate build-up and maintain pace.
  • The aerobic system provides the majority of ATP throughout the race due to oxygen enabling complete glucose breakdown.
  • This sustained energy production allows runners to maintain race pace during middle segments.
  • Therefore, aerobic capacity determines sustainable race pace for most of the event.
  • All systems work simultaneously with varying contributions depending on intensity changes.
  • Tactical moves and pace variations result in shifts between system dominance throughout.
  • The final sprint relies on recovered PCr and increased glycolytic activity despite fatigue.
  • Thus, successful 1500m performance requires managing all three energy systems through tactical pacing.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 157

How does the efficiency of ATP production differ between the glycolytic and aerobic systems?    (5 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • When glucose breaks down without oxygen, the glycolytic system only partly breaks down the fuel, resulting in lactic acid build-up.
  • This happens because glucose cannot be fully broken down, leaving much energy still trapped in lactic acid.
  • As lactic acid increases, it makes muscles more acidic which causes enzymes to work poorly and forces athletes to stop within 30-90 seconds.
  • In contrast, when oxygen is available, the aerobic system completely breaks down glucose in the mitochondria, producing much more ATP per glucose molecule.
  • This creates only carbon dioxide and water as waste products, which leave the body easily without causing tiredness.
  • The aerobic system’s better efficiency allows energy production for hours, though at a slower rate than glycolysis.
  • Therefore, athletes must choose: glycolytic speed for short bursts versus aerobic efficiency for longer efforts.
  • Training improves both systems, but the basic efficiency difference stays the same because oxygen determines whether fuel breaks down completely or partially.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  • When glucose breaks down without oxygen, the glycolytic system only partly breaks down the fuel, resulting in lactic acid build-up.
  • This happens because glucose cannot be fully broken down, leaving much energy still trapped in lactic acid.
  • As lactic acid increases, it makes muscles more acidic which causes enzymes to work poorly and forces athletes to stop within 30-90 seconds.
  • In contrast, when oxygen is available, the aerobic system completely breaks down glucose in the mitochondria, producing much more ATP per glucose molecule.
  • This creates only carbon dioxide and water as waste products, which leave the body easily without causing tiredness.
  • The aerobic system’s better efficiency allows energy production for hours, though at a slower rate than glycolysis.
  • Therefore, athletes must choose: glycolytic speed for short bursts versus aerobic efficiency for longer efforts.
  • Training improves both systems, but the basic efficiency difference stays the same because oxygen determines whether fuel breaks down completely or partially.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 156

Outline the efficiency of ATP production in the ATP-PCr system.   (4 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • The ATP-PCr system produces ATP more rapidly than any other energy system, providing immediate energy for explosive movements without requiring oxygen.
  • Each phosphocreatine molecule yields one ATP molecule through direct phosphate transfer, making it a 1:1 conversion ratio.
  • This system operates at maximum efficiency for 10-15 seconds before PCr stores deplete.
  • Muscles contain limited phosphocreatine reserves that exceed ATP stores but exhaust quickly during maximal effort.
  • The system’s efficiency enables ATP regeneration within milliseconds due to PCr being stored directly in muscle cells.
  • Despite its speed advantage, the system’s efficiency is limited by total capacity, providing only enough energy for brief maximal efforts like jumps or sprint starts.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  • The ATP-PCr system produces ATP more rapidly than any other energy system, providing immediate energy for explosive movements without requiring oxygen.
  • Each phosphocreatine molecule yields one ATP molecule through direct phosphate transfer, making it a 1:1 conversion ratio.
  • This system operates at maximum efficiency for 10-15 seconds before PCr stores deplete.
  • Muscles contain limited phosphocreatine reserves that exceed ATP stores but exhaust quickly during maximal effort.
  • The system’s efficiency enables ATP regeneration within milliseconds due to PCr being stored directly in muscle cells.
  • Despite its speed advantage, the system’s efficiency is limited by total capacity, providing only enough energy for brief maximal efforts like jumps or sprint starts.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 155 MC

Which statement best explains why the aerobic system produces the most ATP?

  1. It has the fastest reaction rate
  2. It uses more glucose molecules
  3. It doesn't produce waste products
  4. It completes glucose breakdown
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\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct: The aerobic system completely breaks down glucose and allows for maximum ATP extraction (36-38 ATP) from each glucose molecule. Other systems only partially break down glucose.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Aerobic system has slowest reaction rate of all 3 energy systems. ATP-PCr is fastest, followed by glycolytic then aerobic.
  • B is incorrect: The amount of glucose molecules used is not the determining factor in ATP production. It’s the completeness of the breakdown process.
  • C is incorrect: Aerobic system produces waste products (CO2 and H2O).

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 154 MC

During a 400m sprint, what amount of ATP would ONE glucose molecule produce through the glycolytic system?

  1. 1-2 ATP
  2. 2-3 ATP
  3. 8-10 ATP
  4. 36-38 ATP
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\(B\)

Show Worked Solution

 

  • B is correct: Net ATP yield from glycolysis

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Too low for glycolysis
  • C is incorrect: Too high for anaerobic glycolysis
  • D is incorrect: This is aerobic system yield

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 153 MC

Which energy system produces ATP at the fastest rate?

  1. Glycolytic
  2. Aerobic
  3. ATP-PCr
  4. All systems produce ATP at the same rate
Show Answers Only

\(C\)

Show Worked Solution
  • C is correct: ATP-PCr has fastest production rate but limited stores

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Slower than ATP-PCr but faster than aerobic
  • B is incorrect: Slowest but most efficient system
  • D is incorrect: Systems have different production rates

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 147

Describe the relationship between energy system efficiency and ATP production.   (5 marks)

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Answers could include/expand on any of the following points:

  • ATP-PCr most efficient for immediate energy but limited ATP yield (1-2 ATP).
  • Glycolytic system produces moderate ATP (2-3 ATP) but accumulates lactic acid.
  • Aerobic system most efficient producing 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
  • Efficiency decreases as intensity increases due to oxygen availability.
  • ATP production rate highest in ATP-PCr but duration limited by CP stores.
Show Worked Solution

Answers could include/expand on any of the following points:

  • ATP-PCr most efficient for immediate energy but limited ATP yield (1-2 ATP).
  • Glycolytic system produces moderate ATP (2-3 ATP) but accumulates lactic acid.
  • Aerobic system most efficient producing 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
  • Efficiency decreases as intensity increases due to oxygen availability.
  • ATP production rate highest in ATP-PCr but duration limited by CP stores.