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HMS, BM EQ-Bank 438

After conducting a pilot study on aerobic training and stress management in Year 11 students, a researcher found inconsistent results using a single data collection method.

Critically analyse which combination of data collection methods (observation, survey, and/or interview) would provide the most valid and reliable data for a full-scale investigation into this topic. Justify your response with specific examples of how each method would be implemented.   (8 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • A combination of surveys, observation, and selective interviews would provide the most comprehensive data, as each method addresses different aspects of the relationship between aerobic training and stress management.
  • Surveys using validated tools like the Perceived Stress Scale should be administered pre-, mid-, and post-program to quantify changes in perceived stress levels, providing standardised numerical data that can be statistically analysed to identify trends across the participant group.
  • Direct observation during standardized stress tests (such as timed cognitive tasks) before and after the training program would provide objective physiological data through measuring visible stress responses like sweating, fidgeting, or facial expressions, complementing the subjective survey data.
  • Physiological measurements could be incorporated into observation sessions by recording vital signs like heart rate variability and blood pressure during stress tests, providing objective indicators of the body’s stress response that participants might not be consciously aware of.
  • Semi-structured interviews with a representative sample of participants showing varying degrees of improvement would explore the mechanisms behind individual differences, potentially revealing why some students benefited more than others from the aerobic training.
  • Interviews would also allow exploration of how participants applied stress management techniques learned through aerobic training to real-life situations outside the program, providing ecological validity that laboratory measurements cannot capture.
  • This triangulated approach compensates for the weaknesses of each individual method – surveys might be affected by social desirability bias, observations might miss internal experiences, and interviews alone might not provide generalizable data.
  • Implementation should include proper sequencing of methods, with surveys and observations conducted at consistent intervals throughout the program, and interviews conducted at the conclusion to prevent interview questions from influencing survey responses or observed behaviors.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  • A combination of surveys, observation, and selective interviews would provide the most comprehensive data, as each method addresses different aspects of the relationship between aerobic training and stress management.
  • Surveys using validated tools like the Perceived Stress Scale should be administered pre-, mid-, and post-program to quantify changes in perceived stress levels, providing standardised numerical data that can be statistically analysed to identify trends across the participant group.
  • Direct observation during standardized stress tests (such as timed cognitive tasks) before and after the training program would provide objective physiological data through measuring visible stress responses like sweating, fidgeting, or facial expressions, complementing the subjective survey data.
  • Physiological measurements could be incorporated into observation sessions by recording vital signs like heart rate variability and blood pressure during stress tests, providing objective indicators of the body’s stress response that participants might not be consciously aware of.
  • Semi-structured interviews with a representative sample of participants showing varying degrees of improvement would explore the mechanisms behind individual differences, potentially revealing why some students benefited more than others from the aerobic training.
  • Interviews would also allow exploration of how participants applied stress management techniques learned through aerobic training to real-life situations outside the program, providing ecological validity that laboratory measurements cannot capture.
  • This triangulated approach compensates for the weaknesses of each individual method – surveys might be affected by social desirability bias, observations might miss internal experiences, and interviews alone might not provide generalizable data.
  • Implementation should include proper sequencing of methods, with surveys and observations conducted at consistent intervals throughout the program, and interviews conducted at the conclusion to prevent interview questions from influencing survey responses or observed behaviors.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 437

A student is designing an investigation to examine how a high-intensity interval training program affects recovery time and psychological wellbeing in adolescents.

Evaluate the effectiveness of using a combination of observation, interviews, and surveys as data collection methods for this investigation, considering the validity and reliability of each method.   (8 marks)

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Sample Answer

Evaluation Statement

  • Data collection methods are moderately effective for investigating recovery time and psychological wellbeing using validity and reliability criteria.

Validity

  • Observation strongly meets validity requirements for measuring recovery time through visible physiological indicators.
  • Heart rate return and breathing normalisation provide direct evidence of physical recovery that accurately reflects training responses.
  • However, observation fails to achieve validity for psychological wellbeing measurement as mental states cannot be directly observed.
  • Interviews adequately fulfil validity for psychological wellbeing by capturing participants’ internal experiences and feelings about training.
  • Surveys partially meet validity requirements by providing standardised psychological measurements but may miss individual differences.

Reliability

  • Observation demonstrates high reliability when using standardised protocols and consistent measurement techniques across all participants.
  • Multiple observers and clear criteria for recovery indicators enhance reliability of physical measurements.
  • Interviews show limited reliability due to subjective interpretation and varying interviewer techniques affecting consistency.
  • Participant responses may change between sessions, reducing reliability of psychological data collection.
  • Surveys achieve superior reliability through standardised questions and consistent administration procedures.

Final Evaluation

  • The combination proves partially effective with observation excelling for physical measures and surveys providing reliable psychological data.
  • Although interviews provide valuable detailed information, their reliability issues limit the overall effectiveness of research findings.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

Evaluation Statement

  • Data collection methods are moderately effective for investigating recovery time and psychological wellbeing using validity and reliability criteria.

Validity

  • Observation strongly meets validity requirements for measuring recovery time through visible physiological indicators.
  • Heart rate return and breathing normalisation provide direct evidence of physical recovery that accurately reflects training responses.
  • However, observation fails to achieve validity for psychological wellbeing measurement as mental states cannot be directly observed.
  • Interviews adequately fulfil validity for psychological wellbeing by capturing participants’ internal experiences and feelings about training.
  • Surveys partially meet validity requirements by providing standardised psychological measurements but may miss individual differences.

Reliability

  • Observation demonstrates high reliability when using standardised protocols and consistent measurement techniques across all participants.
  • Multiple observers and clear criteria for recovery indicators enhance reliability of physical measurements.
  • Interviews show limited reliability due to subjective interpretation and varying interviewer techniques affecting consistency.
  • Participant responses may change between sessions, reducing reliability of psychological data collection.
  • Surveys achieve superior reliability through standardised questions and consistent administration procedures.

Final Evaluation

  • The combination proves partially effective with observation excelling for physical measures and surveys providing reliable psychological data.
  • Although interviews provide valuable detailed information, their reliability issues limit the overall effectiveness of research findings.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 436

A student wants to investigate the effects of a 10-week aerobic training program on perceived exertion levels during standardised exercise tasks.

Outline ONE appropriate data collection method for this investigation and explain why it would be suitable.   (3 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • A Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale survey would be appropriate as it provides standardised numerical ratings (6-20 scale) of subjective exertion levels during exercise tasks.
  • This method is suitable because perceived exertion cannot be directly observed but can be quantified through structured self-reporting..
  • Therefore, it enables consistent measurement across all participants and provides reliable data for comparing perceived exertion levels before, during and after the training program.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  • A Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale survey would be appropriate as it provides standardised numerical ratings (6-20 scale) of subjective exertion levels during exercise tasks.
  • This method is suitable because perceived exertion cannot be directly observed but can be quantified through structured self-reporting..
  • Therefore, it enables consistent measurement across all participants and provides reliable data for comparing perceived exertion levels before, during and after the training program.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 435 MC

A student is investigating how a 6-week aerobic training program affects participants' motivation to exercise. Which data collection method would provide the most comprehensive understanding of changes in motivation?

  1. Pre-post interviews asking open-ended questions about motivation and experiences
  2. Observation of attendance rates and effort levels during training sessions
  3. Surveys measuring only pre-program motivation levels
  4. Heart rate measurements during exercise sessions
Show Answers Only

\(A\)

Show Worked Solution

Consider Option A:

  • Pre-post interviews with open-ended questions provide the most comprehensive understanding because they allow participants to express complex changes in motivation in their own words.
  • Interviews can uncover unexpected factors, personal insights, and detailed explanations about how and why motivation changed throughout the program, providing useful qualitative data that other methods cannot capture.

Other Options:

  • B is incorrect: Only captures external behaviors (attendance, effort) which may be influenced by factors other than motivation.
  • C is incorrect: Doesn’t measure changes in motivation since it only collects data at one time point.
  • D is incorrect: Measures physiological response to exercise, not psychological factors like motivation.

\(\Rightarrow A\)

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 434 MC

A student wants to investigate the relationship between aerobic training and perceived energy levels throughout the day in Year 11 students. Which data collection method would be most appropriate for this investigation?

  1. Observation of students during their regular classes
  2. Blood tests measuring ATP levels before and after training
  3. Survey with Likert scale questions about energy levels at different times of day
  4. Interview with teachers about students' classroom participation
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\(C\)

Show Worked Solution

Consider Option C:

  • Survey with Likert scale questions is most appropriate because perceived energy levels are subjective experiences that are best measured through self-reporting.
  • A structured survey using a Likert scale (e.g., rating energy from 1-5) allows for quantifiable data collection about participants’ internal experiences throughout the day, which cannot be directly observed or measured through physiological tests.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Inappropriate because energy levels are subjective internal states that cannot be reliably observed externally.
  • B is incorrect: Measures a physiological marker (ATP) rather than perceived energy levels, which is not what the research question is investigating.
  • D is incorrect: Relies on secondhand perceptions rather than direct reports from the participants experiencing the energy levels.

\(\Rightarrow C\)

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 392

A student wants to investigate the relationship between heart rate and blood pressure responses during a 20-minute aerobic training session. Analyse suitable methods for collecting this data and explain potential challenges they might face.   (8 marks)

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Sample Answer 

Overview Statement

  • Investigating heart rate and blood pressure during aerobic training involves comparing continuous versus interval measurement methods.
  • These methods differ in accuracy and practical challenges during exercise sessions.

Method 1: Heart Rate Monitoring

  • Heart rate monitors provide continuous data collection throughout the entire 20-minute aerobic session without interruption.
  • Continuous monitoring enables uninterrupted cardiovascular tracking that connects to real-time exercise responses without stopping physical activity.
  • The relationship between continuous monitoring and exercise intensity means accurate heart rate patterns and recovery phases can be recorded.
  • Data collection results in comprehensive cardiovascular information but creates challenges with equipment positioning, battery life, and signal interference during vigorous movement.
  • However, this leads to potential skin irritation issues and requires proper chest strap fitting for accurate readings.

Method 2: Blood Pressure Measurement

  • Digital blood pressure cuffs require exercise interruption at regular intervals to obtain accurate systolic and diastolic readings.
  • Measurement gaps create interruptions that affect continuous data collection and may alter natural exercise responses during the session.
  • The interaction between exercise stoppage and blood pressure readings leads to potential recovery effects and cooling between measurements.
  • Equipment setup generates practical challenges including timing coordination, participant positioning difficulties, and cuff size variations.
  • Therefore timing becomes critical to balance data collection needs with maintaining exercise intensity levels.

Implications and Challenges

  • The significance is that combining both methods reveals important cardiovascular relationships but creates coordination, timing, and accuracy challenges.
  • Students must balance comprehensive data quality with practical measurement limitations using accessible school equipment and proper technique.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

Overview Statement

  • Investigating heart rate and blood pressure during aerobic training involves comparing continuous versus interval measurement methods.
  • These methods differ in accuracy and practical challenges during exercise sessions.

Method 1: Heart Rate Monitoring

  • Heart rate monitors provide continuous data collection throughout the entire 20-minute aerobic session without interruption.
  • Continuous monitoring enables uninterrupted cardiovascular tracking that connects to real-time exercise responses without stopping physical activity.
  • The relationship between continuous monitoring and exercise intensity means accurate heart rate patterns and recovery phases can be recorded.
  • Data collection results in comprehensive cardiovascular information but creates challenges with equipment positioning, battery life, and signal interference during vigorous movement.
  • However, this leads to potential skin irritation issues and requires proper chest strap fitting for accurate readings.

Method 2: Blood Pressure Measurement

  • Digital blood pressure cuffs require exercise interruption at regular intervals to obtain accurate systolic and diastolic readings.
  • Measurement gaps create interruptions that affect continuous data collection and may alter natural exercise responses during the session.
  • The interaction between exercise stoppage and blood pressure readings leads to potential recovery effects and cooling between measurements.
  • Equipment setup generates practical challenges including timing coordination, participant positioning difficulties, and cuff size variations.
  • Therefore timing becomes critical to balance data collection needs with maintaining exercise intensity levels.

Implications and Challenges

  • The significance is that combining both methods reveals important cardiovascular relationships but creates coordination, timing, and accuracy challenges.
  • Students must balance comprehensive data quality with practical measurement limitations using accessible school equipment and proper technique.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 391

Compare TWO different methods for collecting data on physiological responses during aerobic training.   (5 marks)

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Sample Answer 

Similarities:

  • Both methods aim to assess aerobic training responses by measuring physiological indicators during exercise sessions.
  • Both require initial setup and preparation to ensure accurate data collection during aerobic training.
  • Both provide information that can be used to evaluate training intensity and effectiveness.

Differences:

  • A heart rate monitor provides continuous, objective measurement of heart rate throughout aerobic training sessions, giving precise data on cardiovascular responses.
  • Observation method relies on visual assessment of breathing patterns, perceived exertion signs, and recovery indicators, providing subjective evaluation.
  • Heart rate monitors offer real-time numerical data that can be recorded and analysed for patterns, making it easier to track adaptations.
  • Observation method requires trained observers to identify physiological signs like breathing rate changes, skin colour, and fatigue indicators.
  • Heart rate monitors provide consistent, standardised measurements that reduce human error and enable comparison across training sessions.
  • Observation method allows assessment of multiple physiological indicators simultaneously but may lack precision in quantifying responses.

Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

Similarities:

  • Both methods aim to assess aerobic training responses by measuring physiological indicators during exercise sessions.
  • Both require initial setup and preparation to ensure accurate data collection during aerobic training.
  • Both provide information that can be used to evaluate training intensity and effectiveness.

Differences:

  • A heart rate monitor provides continuous, objective measurement of heart rate throughout aerobic training sessions, giving precise data on cardiovascular responses.
  • Observation method relies on visual assessment of breathing patterns, perceived exertion signs, and recovery indicators, providing subjective evaluation.
  • Heart rate monitors offer real-time numerical data that can be recorded and analysed for patterns, making it easier to track adaptations.
  • Observation method requires trained observers to identify physiological signs like breathing rate changes, skin colour, and fatigue indicators.
  • Heart rate monitors provide consistent, standardised measurements that reduce human error and enable comparison across training sessions.
  • Observation method allows assessment of multiple physiological indicators simultaneously but may lack precision in quantifying responses.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 390

A group of students is designing an investigation into how different energy systems respond during a 45-minute aerobic training session that gradually increases in intensity. Evaluate various methods they could use to collect data on these physiological responses.   (8 marks)

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Sample Answer 

  • Blood lactate sampling provides direct measurement of lactate accumulation indicating anaerobic glycolytic system contribution but requires specialised equipment and is invasive, limiting sampling frequency.
  • Heart rate monitoring offers continuous data on cardiovascular demand throughout the session and can be correlated to energy system usage when combined with known individual maximum heart rate.
  • Respiratory gas analysis measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production would provide the most comprehensive data on aerobic energy system contribution but requires expensive equipment not typically available to students.
  • Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) offers subjective feedback on exercise intensity that correlates with energy system transitions but lacks the precision of physiological measurements.
  • A combination approach using heart rate monitoring continuously with periodic RPE ratings and strategically timed lactate samples (if available) would provide multi-dimensional data on energy system transitions during increasing exercise intensity.
  • Data collection should occur at rest, during defined intensity transition points, and during recovery to capture the full spectrum of physiological responses across energy systems.
  • Standardisation of exercise protocol is essential when collecting data on energy system responses, with clearly defined intensity increments at set time intervals.
  • The practical limitations of invasive methods must be weighed against the value of direct physiological measurements when selecting appropriate data collection methods for student investigations.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  • Blood lactate sampling provides direct measurement of lactate accumulation indicating anaerobic glycolytic system contribution but requires specialised equipment and is invasive, limiting sampling frequency.
  • Heart rate monitoring offers continuous data on cardiovascular demand throughout the session and can be correlated to energy system usage when combined with known individual maximum heart rate.
  • Respiratory gas analysis measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production would provide the most comprehensive data on aerobic energy system contribution but requires expensive equipment not typically available to students.
  • Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) offers subjective feedback on exercise intensity that correlates with energy system transitions but lacks the precision of physiological measurements.
  • A combination approach using heart rate monitoring continuously with periodic RPE ratings and strategically timed lactate samples (if available) would provide multi-dimensional data on energy system transitions during increasing exercise intensity.
  • Data collection should occur at rest, during defined intensity transition points, and during recovery to capture the full spectrum of physiological responses across energy systems.
  • Standardisation of exercise protocol is essential when collecting data on energy system responses, with clearly defined intensity increments at set time intervals.
  • The practical limitations of invasive methods must be weighed against the value of direct physiological measurements when selecting appropriate data collection methods for student investigations.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 389

A student wants to investigate how environmental conditions affect body temperature during a 30-minute aerobic training session. Analyse TWO different environmental conditions they could use to collect this data.   (6 marks)

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Sample Answer 

Overview Statement

  • Investigating environmental effects on body temperature during aerobic training involves comparing indoor versus outdoor exercise conditions.
  • These conditions differ in heat exposure and how hard the body works to control temperature.

Condition 1: Indoor Training Environment

  • Students perform aerobic exercises in a controlled indoor space with steady temperature and no extra heat sources.
  • This enables stable conditions that reduce outside temperature factors affecting body temperature changes.
  • The relationship between controlled conditions and measurement accuracy means more reliable temperature data collection.
  • This approach results in easier digital thermometer readings without weather problems or extra heat stress.

Condition 2: Outdoor Training Environment

  • Students perform identical aerobic exercises outdoors on a warm day with direct sun exposure.
  • This creates extra environmental heat stress that influences how the body controls temperature during exercise.
  • The interaction between outside heat and internal exercise heat leads to higher body temperature readings.
  • However, this generates extra factors like wind and humidity that affect how the body cools itself.

Implications

  • The significance is that comparing both environments reveals how outside conditions impact body temperature responses.
  • Therefore this method enables students to understand environmental effects using simple digital thermometer equipment.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

Overview Statement

  • Investigating environmental effects on body temperature during aerobic training involves comparing indoor versus outdoor exercise conditions.
  • These conditions differ in heat exposure and how hard the body works to control temperature.

Condition 1: Indoor Training Environment

  • Students perform aerobic exercises in a controlled indoor space with steady temperature and no extra heat sources.
  • This enables stable conditions that reduce outside temperature factors affecting body temperature changes.
  • The relationship between controlled conditions and measurement accuracy means more reliable temperature data collection.
  • This approach results in easier digital thermometer readings without weather problems or extra heat stress.

Condition 2: Outdoor Training Environment

  • Students perform identical aerobic exercises outdoors on a warm day with direct sun exposure.
  • This creates extra environmental heat stress that influences how the body controls temperature during exercise.
  • The interaction between outside heat and internal exercise heat leads to higher body temperature readings.
  • However, this generates extra factors like wind and humidity that affect how the body cools itself.

Implications

  • The significance is that comparing both environments reveals how outside conditions impact body temperature responses.
  • Therefore this method enables students to understand environmental effects using simple digital thermometer equipment.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 388

Explain how a student could collect data on recovery heart rate following a 15-minute aerobic exercise session.   (4 marks)

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Sample Answer 

  • Record baseline resting heart rate before exercise to establish a comparison point for recovery analysis.
  • Immediately upon completion of the 15-minute session, measure heart rate using a heart rate monitor or manual pulse check. This provides the starting point for recovery measurement.
  • Continue monitoring heart rate at regular intervals (1-minute, 3-minute, 5-minute marks) during recovery. A systematic approach such as this tracks cardiovascular return to baseline.
  • Have participants remain seated in consistent position throughout monitoring to standardise conditions and eliminate variables.
  • Record measurements systematically using a data collection sheet. This enables creation of a recovery profile showing when heart rate returns to resting levels.

Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  • Record baseline resting heart rate before exercise to establish a comparison point for recovery analysis.
  • Immediately upon completion of the 15-minute session, measure heart rate using a heart rate monitor or manual pulse check. This provides the starting point for recovery measurement.
  • Continue monitoring heart rate at regular intervals (1-minute, 3-minute, 5-minute marks) during recovery. A systematic approach such as this tracks cardiovascular return to baseline.
  • Have participants remain seated in consistent position throughout monitoring to standardise conditions and eliminate variables.
  • Record measurements systematically using a data collection sheet. This enables creation of a recovery profile showing when heart rate returns to resting levels.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 387

Explain the advantages and limitations of using a Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale when collecting data on aerobic training responses.   (5 marks)

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Sample Answer 

  • The RPE scale provides subjective data on exercise intensity without requiring specialised equipment, making it accessible for all research settings. This accessibility is beneficial because it reduces costs and enables widespread use.
  • Participants can provide RPE ratings without interrupting their exercise, allowing continuous data collection throughout an aerobic session. This enables researchers to track intensity changes.
  • The scale’s portability enables data collection in natural training environments where laboratory equipment is impractical. This creates more realistic training conditions.
  • However, the subjective nature of RPE introduces potential reliability issues as perception varies between individuals based on fitness levels, pain tolerance and motivation. This variability can affect consistency of results.
  • Prior training of participants in using the RPE scale correctly is essential to ensure consistency in how ratings are assigned. This training requirement adds time and complexity.
  • RPE provides valuable complementary data when used alongside objective physiological measures, creating a complete picture.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  • The RPE scale provides subjective data on exercise intensity without requiring specialised equipment, making it accessible for all research settings. This accessibility is beneficial because it reduces costs and enables widespread use.
  • Participants can provide RPE ratings without interrupting their exercise, allowing continuous data collection throughout an aerobic session. This enables researchers to track intensity changes.
  • The scale’s portability enables data collection in natural training environments where laboratory equipment is impractical. This creates more realistic training conditions.
  • However, the subjective nature of RPE introduces potential reliability issues as perception varies between individuals based on fitness levels, pain tolerance and motivation. This variability can affect consistency of results.
  • Prior training of participants in using the RPE scale correctly is essential to ensure consistency in how ratings are assigned. This training requirement adds time and complexity.
  • RPE provides valuable complementary data when used alongside objective physiological measures, creating a complete picture.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 386

A student has access to a respiratory rate monitor with a chest strap sensor to investigate ventilation responses during aerobic training. Describe how this equipment should be used to collect ventilation rate data during a 20-minute aerobic exercise session.   (4 marks)

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Sample Answer 

  • The chest strap sensor should be calibrated and securely fastened around the participant’s chest before beginning the exercise session to ensure accurate measurement.
  • The device should be set to record breath frequency continuously throughout the 20-minute session with data stored automatically at preset intervals (every 30 seconds).
  • The participant’s baseline ventilation rate should be recorded during a 2-minute rest period before commencing exercise to establish individual reference values.
  • After completing the aerobic session, ventilation rate should continue to be monitored for a 5-minute recovery period to observe how quickly breathing returns to baseline levels.
  • All collected data should be transferred to a spreadsheet for analysis, allowing calculation of average rates, maximum rates, and recovery patterns.
  • Consistent placement of the chest strap sensor between participants and testing sessions is essential to ensure reliable and comparable data.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  • The chest strap sensor should be calibrated and securely fastened around the participant’s chest before beginning the exercise session to ensure accurate measurement.
  • The device should be set to record breath frequency continuously throughout the 20-minute session with data stored automatically at preset intervals (every 30 seconds).
  • The participant’s baseline ventilation rate should be recorded during a 2-minute rest period before commencing exercise to establish individual reference values.
  • After completing the aerobic session, ventilation rate should continue to be monitored for a 5-minute recovery period to observe how quickly breathing returns to baseline levels.
  • All collected data should be transferred to a spreadsheet for analysis, allowing calculation of average rates, maximum rates, and recovery patterns.
  • Consistent placement of the chest strap sensor between participants and testing sessions is essential to ensure reliable and comparable data.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 385

Outline TWO methods that could be used to measure heart rate responses during aerobic training.   (3 marks)

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Sample Answer – Any 2 of the following

  • Heart rate monitor with chest strap provides continuous, accurate recordings throughout the aerobic activity without requiring the participant to stop exercising.
  • Manual pulse palpation at the wrist (radial artery) or neck (carotid artery) for 15 seconds multiplied by 4 gives a heart rate reading, though requires momentary pause in activity.
  • Smartphone applications using the phone’s camera and flash to detect pulse through fingertip blood flow changes can provide heart rate measurements between exercise periods.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer – Any 2 of the following

  • Heart rate monitor with chest strap provides continuous, accurate recordings throughout the aerobic activity without requiring the participant to stop exercising.
  • Manual pulse palpation at the wrist (radial artery) or neck (carotid artery) for 15 seconds multiplied by 4 gives a heart rate reading, though requires momentary pause in activity.
  • Smartphone applications using the phone’s camera and flash to detect pulse through fingertip blood flow changes can provide heart rate measurements between exercise periods.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 384 MC

Which of the following is the most practical method for a student to collect data on perceived exertion during aerobic training?

  1. Blood lactate analyser
  2. Electromyography (EMG)
  3. Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale
  4. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Show Answers Only

\(C\)

Show Worked Solution
  • C is correct: RPE scale simple, inexpensive, no specialised equipment needed.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Blood lactate analysers expensive, invasive, require specialised training.
  • B is incorrect: EMG equipment expensive, complex to operate and interpret.
  • D is incorrect: ECG equipment expensive, requires technical expertise.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 383 MC

A student is collecting data about how lactate levels change during a 30-minute aerobic training session. Which data collection timeline would provide the most useful information?

  1. Measurement at 5-minute intervals during exercise and once during recovery
  2. Measurement before exercise and 30 minutes after completion
  3. Measurement only at the point of maximum perceived exertion
  4. Measurement once before exercise and once immediately after completion
Show Answers Only

\(A\)

Show Worked Solution
  • A is correct: Taking measurements at regular intervals during exercise and recovery provides data on how lactate changes throughout the session and into recovery.

Other Options:

  • B is incorrect: Misses all changes during exercise and most of recovery.
  • C is incorrect: Single measurement provides minimal data about lactate changes over time.
  • D is incorrect: Only captures beginning and endpoint, missing lactate dynamics during exercise.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 382 MC

A student is collecting data on respiratory responses to aerobic training. Which combination of methods would provide the most comprehensive data?

  1. Heart rate monitor and blood pressure cuff
  2. Questionnaire about breathing difficulty and perceived exertion
  3. Oxygen saturation monitor and facial observation
  4. Spirometer and counting breaths per minute
Show Answers Only

\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct: A spirometer measures volume of air moved while counting breaths measures frequency, providing both quantitative aspects of respiratory response.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: These methods measure cardiovascular, not respiratory responses.
  • B is incorrect: Provides subjective data only, lacking objective respiratory measurements.
  • C is incorrect: Oxygen saturation doesn’t directly measure respiratory function and facial observation is subjective.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 381 MC

A student wants to collect data on the immediate cardiovascular response to a 10-minute jog. Which method would be most appropriate?

  1. Blood sample analysis
  2. Heart rate monitoring
  3. Muscle biopsy
  4. Bone density scan
Show Answers Only

\(B\)

Show Worked Solution
  • B is correct: Heart rate monitoring provides immediate, non-invasive data about cardiovascular responses during aerobic exercise.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Blood sample analysis is invasive and better suited for measuring metabolic markers, not immediate cardiovascular responses.
  • C is incorrect: Muscle biopsy is highly invasive and measures muscle tissue changes, not immediate cardiovascular responses.
  • D is incorrect: Bone density scanning measures skeletal characteristics, not cardiovascular responses to exercise.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 364

A student is conducting research on their physiological responses to a 30-minute jog. Outline what data they should collect and how they could analyse the results to understand their aerobic training responses.   (5 marks)

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Sample Answer 

  • Collect baseline resting heart rate and ventilation rate before the jog to establish comparison points for aerobic training responses.
  • Monitor heart rate continuously during the 30-minute jog using a heart rate monitor to track cardiovascular response patterns and training zones.
  • Measure ventilation rate by counting breaths per minute at 5-minute intervals during exercise to assess respiratory system responses.
  • Record ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) on a scale of 6-20 every 10 minutes to correlate physiological responses with subjective feelings.
  • Track recovery time by measuring how long it takes for heart rate to return to within 10% of resting levels after exercise.
  • Note environmental conditions (temperature, humidity) that might influence physiological responses and training adaptations.
  • Analyse data by creating line graphs showing heart rate and ventilation rate changes over time, calculating average values for each phase (rest, exercise, recovery).
  • Compare results to established aerobic training norms and previous personal results to identify improvements in cardiovascular fitness.

Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer 

  • Collect baseline resting heart rate and ventilation rate before the jog to establish comparison points for aerobic training responses.
  • Monitor heart rate continuously during the 30-minute jog using a heart rate monitor to track cardiovascular response patterns and training zones.
  • Measure ventilation rate by counting breaths per minute at 5-minute intervals during exercise to assess respiratory system responses.
  • Record ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) on a scale of 6-20 every 10 minutes to correlate physiological responses with subjective feelings.
  • Track recovery time by measuring how long it takes for heart rate to return to within 10% of resting levels after exercise.
  • Note environmental conditions (temperature, humidity) that might influence physiological responses and training adaptations.
  • Analyse data by creating line graphs showing heart rate and ventilation rate changes over time, calculating average values for each phase (rest, exercise, recovery).
  • Compare results to established aerobic training norms and previous personal results to identify improvements in cardiovascular fitness.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 359 MC

During research on aerobic training responses, a student collected the following data:

\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline \textbf{Time} & \textbf{Heart Rate} & \textbf{Cardiac Output} & \textbf{Stroke Volume} \\
 \textbf{(minutes)} & \textbf{(bpm)} & \textbf{(L/min)} & \textbf{(mL)} \\
\hline 0 \text{ (at rest)} & 70 & 5.6 & 80 \\
\hline 5 & 120 & 12.0 & 100 \\
\hline 10 & 140 & 16.8 & \textbf{?} \\
\hline \end{array}

What is the stroke volume at 10 minutes?

  1. 95 mL
  2. 112 mL
  3. 120 mL
  4. 140 mL
Show Answers Only

\(C\)

Show Worked Solution

Consider Option C:  120 mL

\(\text{Cardiac Output}\) \(=\text{Heart Rate}\times\text{Stroke Volume}\)
\(\text{Stroke Volume}\) \(\ =\text{ Cardiac Output ÷ Heart Rate}\)
  \(=16.8\ \text{L/min ÷}\ 140\ \text{bpm}\)
  \(=0.12\ \text{L}\ =120\ \text{mL}\)

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: This value is incorrect based on the cardiac output formula.
  • B is incorrect: This value is incorrect based on the cardiac output formula.
  • D is incorrect: This equals the heart rate, not the stroke volume.

\(\Rightarrow C\)