SmarterEd

Aussie Maths & Science Teachers: Save your time with SmarterEd

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 658

  1. Identify two ways researchers might measure improvement in rugby tackling technique.   (2 marks)

  2. Discuss which measurement approach would provide more useful information for coaches working with beginners.   (2 marks)

Show Answers Only

Sample Answer

  1. Researchers could use a technique scoring system where trained observers rate specific components of the tackle like foot position, body height, and shoulder contact.
  2. They could also measure performance outcomes such as success rate of tackles, average ground gained by opponents after contact, or ball dislodgment frequency.

  3. *PEEL – Structure solution using separate PEEL methods for each side of the argument; [P] Identify the point, [E] expand on the point with a link to question asked, [Ev] apply evidence/examples, [L] linking sentence back to question.

  • [P] Technique measurement provides valuable feedback for beginners.
  • [E] It identifies specific areas needing improvement like body position or shoulder placement.
  • [Ev] Coaches can target exact weaknesses in fundamental movements.
  • [L] This detailed information guides safe skill developments.
      
  • [P] However, outcome measures also offer benefits.
  • [E] Success rates show if techniques work in practice.
  • [Ev] Beginners gain confidence seeing measurable progress.
  • [L] Performance data motivates continued learning while building competence.

Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  1. Researchers could use a technique scoring system where trained observers rate specific components of the tackle like foot position, body height, and shoulder contact.
  2. They could also measure performance outcomes such as success rate of tackles, average ground gained by opponents after contact, or ball dislodgment frequency.

  3. *PEEL – Structure solution using separate PEEL methods for each side of the argument; [P] Identify the point, [E] expand on the point with a link to question asked, [Ev] apply evidence/examples, [L] linking sentence back to question.

  • [P] Technique measurement provides valuable feedback for beginners.
  • [E] It identifies specific areas needing improvement like body position or shoulder placement.
  • [Ev] Coaches can target exact weaknesses in fundamental movements.
  • [L] This detailed information guides safe skill developments.
      
  • [P] However, outcome measures also offer benefits.
  • [E] Success rates show if techniques work in practice.
  • [Ev] Beginners gain confidence seeing measurable progress.
  • [L] Performance data motivates continued learning while building competence.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 657

  1. What is a "control group" in a research study about skill development.   (1 mark)

  2. Explain why a control group might be important when researching the effectiveness of a new coaching approach for soccer dribbling skills.   (2 marks)

Show Answers Only

Sample Answer

  1. A control group receives standard training rather than the experimental method, providing a comparison baseline.
  2. A control group helps researchers determine if improvements are actually due to the new coaching approach rather than just from regular practice or other factors.
  3. Without a control group, researchers couldn’t tell if skill improvements happened because the new approach works better or simply because any practice leads to improvement over time.

Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  1. A control group receives standard training rather than the experimental method, providing a comparison baseline.
  2. A control group helps researchers determine if improvements are actually due to the new coaching approach rather than just from regular practice or other factors.
  3. Without a control group, researchers couldn’t tell if skill improvements happened because the new approach works better or simply because any practice leads to improvement over time.
  4.  

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 656

  1. Explain what task-intrinsic feedback and augmented feedback are in the context of movement skill acquisition.   (3 marks)

  2. Evaluate how researchers might investigate which type of feedback is most effective at different stages of learning a complex basketball skill.   (5 marks)

Show Answers Only

Sample Answer

  1. Task-intrinsic feedback is information received through the body’s proprioceptive mechanisms which occurs naturally when performing skills. This develops internal awareness of movements.
  2. Augmented feedback comes from external sources like coaches or video because learners need outside perspective. This provides information beyond what performers can sense themselves. These types differ as task-intrinsic creates movement “feel” while augmented offers technical corrections.
  3. Evaluation Statement
  4. Longitudinal experimental design would be highly effective for investigating feedback effectiveness across learning stages. Study duration and measurement comprehensiveness serve as key evaluation criteria.
  5. Study Duration
  6. Research spanning 6-12 months strongly meets requirements for tracking skill progression. This timeframe allows researchers to observe participants transitioning through cognitive, associative, and autonomous stages. Extended duration enables valid comparisons of feedback effectiveness as learners develop. This criterion is well-satisfied.
  7. Measurement Comprehensiveness 
  8. Mixed-methods approach excellently fulfils research needs. Combining technique analysis, performance outcomes, and transfer tests provides complete understanding. Including kinaesthetic awareness baselines and pressure scenarios ensures thorough investigation. Qualitative interviews reveal how learners process different feedback types. This comprehensively addresses research questions.
  9. Final Evaluation 
  10. The proposed design highly effectively investigates feedback types across learning stages. Long-term tracking with multiple measurement approaches produces robust findings. While resource-intensive, this methodology generates valuable insights for optimising basketball skill development through appropriate feedback selection.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  1. Task-intrinsic feedback is information received through the body’s proprioceptive mechanisms which occurs naturally when performing skills. This develops internal awareness of movements.
  2. Augmented feedback comes from external sources like coaches or video because learners need outside perspective. This provides information beyond what performers can sense themselves. These types differ as task-intrinsic creates movement “feel” while augmented offers technical corrections.
  3. Evaluation Statement
  4. Longitudinal experimental design would be highly effective for investigating feedback effectiveness across learning stages. Study duration and measurement comprehensiveness serve as key evaluation criteria.
  5. Study Duration
  6. Research spanning 6-12 months strongly meets requirements for tracking skill progression. This timeframe allows researchers to observe participants transitioning through cognitive, associative, and autonomous stages. Extended duration enables valid comparisons of feedback effectiveness as learners develop. This criterion is well-satisfied.
  7. Measurement Comprehensiveness 
  8. Mixed-methods approach excellently fulfils research needs. Combining technique analysis, performance outcomes, and transfer tests provides complete understanding. Including kinaesthetic awareness baselines and pressure scenarios ensures thorough investigation. Qualitative interviews reveal how learners process different feedback types. This comprehensively addresses research questions.
  9. Final Evaluation 
  10. The proposed design highly effectively investigates feedback types across learning stages. Long-term tracking with multiple measurement approaches produces robust findings. While resource-intensive, this methodology generates valuable insights for optimising basketball skill development through appropriate feedback selection.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 655

Analyse how researchers might investigate the effectiveness of different practice methods (massed, distributed, whole, part, blocked, random) for learning complex gymnastics skills. Include specific research approaches in your answer.   (5 marks)

Show Answers Only

Sample Answer

  • Researchers would need to establish clear skill assessment criteria that break down the gymnastics skills into observable technique components that can be reliably measured
  • A comparative study could be designed with multiple groups each using a different practice method (e.g., one group using massed practice, another using distributed practice) while controlling other variables.
  • Video analysis would be essential for documenting technique development, allowing frame-by-frame assessment of movement patterns across different practice sessions.
  • Researchers would need to measure both short-term skill acquisition (immediate learning) and long-term retention (testing weeks later) to fully understand the effectiveness of each practice method.
  • The study would need to consider both quantitative measures (technical execution scores) and qualitative aspects (confidence, movement fluidity) to comprehensively evaluate each practice method’s effectiveness.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer 

  • Researchers would need to establish clear skill assessment criteria that break down the gymnastics skills into observable technique components that can be reliably measured
  • A comparative study could be designed with multiple groups each using a different practice method (e.g., one group using massed practice, another using distributed practice) while controlling other variables.
  • Video analysis would be essential for documenting technique development, allowing frame-by-frame assessment of movement patterns across different practice sessions.
  • Researchers would need to measure both short-term skill acquisition (immediate learning) and long-term retention (testing weeks later) to fully understand the effectiveness of each practice method.
  • The study would need to consider both quantitative measures (technical execution scores) and qualitative aspects (confidence, movement fluidity) to comprehensively evaluate each practice method’s effectiveness.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 654

  1. Identify two characteristics of learners that researchers might study when investigating tennis skill acquisition.   (2 marks)

  2. Explain how these characteristics might affect the research design for a study on serving technique development.   (2 marks)

Show Answers Only

Sample Answer

  1. Researchers might study personality traits such as confidence or willingness to take risks when investigating tennis skill acquisition.
  2. Prior experience in similar racquet sports would be another important learner characteristic to study as it could affect transfer of learning.
  3. The research design would assess confidence levels beforehand because this ensures balanced experimental groups. This prevents confidence bias from affecting technique results.
  4. Prior experience documentation becomes essential as racquet sport backgrounds create different starting points. Researchers must control this variable through matched groups or exclusion criteria, ensuring valid technique comparisons.

Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  1. Researchers might study personality traits such as confidence or willingness to take risks when investigating tennis skill acquisition.
  2. Prior experience in similar racquet sports would be another important learner characteristic to study as it could affect transfer of learning.
  3. The research design would assess confidence levels beforehand because this ensures balanced experimental groups. This prevents confidence bias from affecting technique results.
  4. Prior experience documentation becomes essential as racquet sport backgrounds create different starting points. Researchers must control this variable through matched groups or exclusion criteria, ensuring valid technique comparisons.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 653

  1. What is meant by "modifying the environment" when teaching movement skills?   (1 mark)

  2. Explain how a researcher could study its effectiveness for teaching a golf swing.   (2 marks)

Show Answers Only

Sample Answer

  1. Modifying the environment means changing learning conditions like equipment, complexity or space to suit the learner’s stage.
  2. Researchers could compare beginners using standard versus modified clubs (lighter, shorter) because equipment changes affect technique development.
  3. Measuring technique elements like grip, stance, and follow-through rather than just distance would reveal how environmental modifications facilitate skill acquisition. This determines whether simplified conditions lead to better fundamental technique development.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  1. Modifying the environment means changing learning conditions like equipment, complexity or space to suit the learner’s stage.
  2. Researchers could compare beginners using standard versus modified clubs (lighter, shorter) because equipment changes affect technique development.
  3. Measuring technique elements like grip, stance, and follow-through rather than just distance would reveal how environmental modifications facilitate skill acquisition. This determines whether simplified conditions lead to better fundamental technique development.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 652

Outline two ways a researcher might collect data when studying how beginners learn the front crawl swimming technique.   (2 marks)

Show Answers Only

Sample Answer

  • Researchers could use direct observation with a checklist of technique elements (arm position, breathing timing, kick pattern) to measure improvement over multiple lessons.
  • Video recording of swimming sessions could be collected to allow detailed analysis of technique changes over time, with comparisons between early and later attempts.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer 

  • Researchers could use direct observation with a checklist of technique elements (arm position, breathing timing, kick pattern) to measure improvement over multiple lessons.
  • Video recording of swimming sessions could be collected to allow detailed analysis of technique changes over time, with comparisons between early and later attempts.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 651 MC

A researcher is investigating how decision-making elements should be integrated with technique practice in basketball. Which research approach would provide the MOST comprehensive understanding?

  1. A laboratory study measuring shooting accuracy under controlled conditions
  2. A survey of basketball coaches about their preferred teaching methods
  3. A longitudinal study tracking scoring statistics of players over a competitive season
  4. A mixed-methods approach combining performance measurements with qualitative observations of game transfer
Show Answers Only

\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct: Mixed methods measure skills and game transfer.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Lab studies miss real game decision-making.
  • B is incorrect: Coach opinions aren’t direct learning evidence.
  • C is incorrect: Scoring stats don’t show skill development.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 650 MC

When researching the effectiveness of different feedback types for swimming technique development, which factor would be MOST important to control in the study design?

  1. The swimming stroke being taught
  2. The size of the swimming pool
  3. The brand of swimwear used
  4. The time of day lessons are conducted
Show Answers Only

\(A\)

Show Worked Solution
  • A is correct: Different strokes have varying complexity affecting feedback.

Other Options:

  • B is incorrect: Pool size less critical than skill type.
  • C is incorrect: Swimwear brand irrelevant to feedback effectiveness.
  • D is incorrect: Time affects energy not feedback processing.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 649 MC

What is the MAIN purpose of researching movement skill acquisition in sports?

  1. To identify talented athletes for elite development
  2. To develop better ways of teaching and learning skills
  3. To compare different sports and their techniques
  4. To create more complex sporting competitions
Show Answers Only

\(B\)

Show Worked Solution
  • B is correct: Research aims to improve teaching and learning methods

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Talent identification uses research but isn’t main purpose
  • C is incorrect: Technique comparison isn’t central purpose
  • D is incorrect: Competition development not related to skill acquisition

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 648 MC

A researcher wants to study how different types of feedback affect gymnastics skill learning. Which method would give the clearest evidence?

  1. Forms where gymnasts rate which feedback they like best
  2. Direct observation using a checklist of technique points
  3. Talking with gymnastics coaches about what feedback they use
  4. Looking at competition scores from gymnasts who got different feedback
Show Answers Only

\(B\)

Show Worked Solution
  • B is correct: Direct observation measures actual skill development objectively.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Shows preference not learning effectiveness.
  • C is incorrect: Provides opinions not measured evidence.
  • D is incorrect: Too many variables affect competition scores.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 647 MC

Which research design would be MOST suitable for studying whether distributed practice works better than massed practice for developing tennis serves?

  1. A case study following one tennis player
  2. A survey asking tennis coaches what they think
  3. An experiment comparing two groups using different practice methods
  4. Interviews with tennis students about their experiences
Show Answers Only

\(C\)

Show Worked Solution
  • C is correct: Experiment allows direct comparison with controlled variables

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Case study lacks comparison between methods
  • B is incorrect: Surveys provide opinions not measured evidence
  • D is incorrect: Interviews lack direct comparison needed

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 646

Outline how you would study whether modified swimming environments help beginners learn better, and how swimming teachers could use what you discover.   (4 marks)

Show Answers Only

Sample Answer

  • The study would compare how quickly and well beginners learn to swim in regular pool conditions versus in modified environments with supportive equipment and shallower water.
  • Researchers would collect information about how long it takes students to achieve specific swimming skills and how confident or anxious they feel in each environment.
  • Video recordings would be used to show how swimming technique develops over several lessons in each environment.
  • Swimming teachers could use the findings to create step-by-step guidelines showing what pool modifications work best for beginners and when to progress to more challenging environments as students improve.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer 

  • The study would compare how quickly and well beginners learn to swim in regular pool conditions versus in modified environments with supportive equipment and shallower water.
  • Researchers would collect information about how long it takes students to achieve specific swimming skills and how confident or anxious they feel in each environment.
  • Video recordings would be used to show how swimming technique develops over several lessons in each environment.
  • Swimming teachers could use the findings to create step-by-step guidelines showing what pool modifications work best for beginners and when to progress to more challenging environments as students improve.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 645

Explain how someone might design a study to find out the best way to organise practice sessions for beginners learning to shoot in basketball.   (3 marks)

Show Answers Only

Sample Answer

  • The researcher would need to create a clear checklist of what good shooting technique looks like, including foot position, arm movement, and follow-through.
  • They could create three study groups: one practising for long periods without breaks, one practising with regular rest breaks, and a third group following their normal routine, with testing before and after to see which improved most.
  • The study would need to make sure other factors stayed the same across all groups, such as the age of players, the amount of total practice time, and the coaching style, so the results clearly show which practice method worked best.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer 

  • The researcher would need to create a clear checklist of what good shooting technique looks like, including foot position, arm movement, and follow-through.
  • They could create three study groups: one practising for long periods without breaks, one practising with regular rest breaks, and a third group following their normal routine, with testing before and after to see which improved most.
  • The study would need to make sure other factors stayed the same across all groups, such as the age of players, the amount of total practice time, and the coaching style, so the results clearly show which practice method worked best.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 644

Describe TWO ways researchers could study which types of feedback work best for beginners learning to tackle in rugby league.   (2 marks)

Show Answers Only

Sample Answer – Any TWO of the following

  • Researchers could compare two beginner groups learning tackling with different feedback types. One receives knowledge of performance feedback, another receives knowledge of results feedback, then measure technique improvement.
  • Researchers could observe coaching sessions, recording feedback types given and tracking players’ technique development afterwards to identify which feedback produces better outcomes.
  • Researchers could use video analysis to compare tackling technique development between groups receiving immediate feedback versus delayed feedback after practice sessions.
  • Researchers could conduct surveys and interviews with players about their preferred feedback types, then correlate preferences with actual technique improvement measurements.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer 

  • Researchers could compare two beginner groups learning tackling with different feedback types. One receives knowledge of performance feedback, another receives knowledge of results feedback, then measure technique improvement.
  • Researchers could observe coaching sessions, recording feedback types given and tracking players’ technique development afterwards to identify which feedback produces better outcomes.
  • Researchers could use video analysis to compare tackling technique development between groups receiving immediate feedback versus delayed feedback after practice sessions.
  • Researchers could conduct surveys and interviews with players about their preferred feedback types, then correlate preferences with actual technique improvement measurements.