The graph shows incidence and mortality rates (per 100 000 of the selected group) for a chronic disease.
To which chronic disease does the graph relate?
- Diabetes
- Lung cancer
- Breast cancer
- Cardiovascular disease
HMS, HAG 2018 HSC 12 MC
Two images of blood flow are shown.
Image \(A\) represents healthy blood flow.
What condition does Image \(B\) represent?
- Arteriosclerosis
- Atherosclerosis
- Low blood pressure
- Low cholesterol levels
HMS, HAG 2021 HSC 19 MC
The graph shows the trends in the incidence of a type of cancer for males and females in Australia from 2004 to 2019.
Which row of the table identifies the type of cancer represented in the graph and the most effective strategy for the federal government to implement in order to reduce its overall expenditure on this type of cancer by 2040?
HMS, HAG 2021 HSC 13 MC
The chance of being alive for five years after being diagnosed with a condition, compared with the general population, is called the 5-year relative survival rate.
The table shows data for breast cancer and lung cancer in Australia, 2011-2015.
\begin{array} {|l|c|}
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\ \ \textit{Cancer}\ \ \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & \textit{5-year relative survival rate}\\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text{Breast}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & \text{90.8%}\\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text{Lung}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & \text{17.4%}\\
\hline
\end{array}
Which of the following provides the most likely reason for the difference in these 5-year relative survival rates?
- Health promotion strategies in schools have been more effective in reducing risk factors for lung cancer compared to breast cancer.
- There was a higher hospitalisation rate and greater demand for emerging treatments for lung cancer compared to breast cancer.
- There was a higher demand for palliative care services when individuals were diagnosed with breast cancer compared to lung cancer.
- Technology advancements have increased early detection and provided more successful treatment options for breast cancer compared to lung cancer.
HMS, HAG 2022 HSC 20 MC
The table shows the incidence rate and mortality rate for two types of cancer \((X, Y)\) with the highest mortality rate for females in Australia in 2017.
\begin{array} {|c|c|c|}
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\textit{Type of cancer}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & \textit{Incidence rate} & \textit{Mortality rate} \\ & \textit{per 100 000} & \textit{per 100 000}\\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex} X \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & 36.2 & 21.8 \\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex} Y \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & 124.8 & 19.2 \\
\hline
\end{array}
Which statement best explains why cancer Y has a lower mortality rate than cancer X ?
- Government funding has increased for research into treatment options for cancer Y.
- Health services have been reoriented so that cancer Y is detected and treated earlier.
- Individuals have enhanced their personal skills to effectively address the modifiable risk factors for cancer Y.
- An increased number of out-patient health services for cancer Y has improved access for the priority population group.
HMS, HAG 2023 HSC 6 MC
The following table represents the number of deaths per 100 000 population in males aged 55-64 years in 1980 and again in 2020 for a range of conditions.
| Conditions | Male deaths per 100 000 population aged 55–64 |
|
| 1980 | 2020 | |
| J | 14 | 7 |
| K | 100 | 20 |
| L | 173 | 53 |
| M | 600 | 79 |
Which condition is represented by the letter \(J\) in the table?
- Skin cancer
- Lung cancer
- Coronary heart disease
- Cerebrovascular disease
HMS, HAG 2024 HSC 14 MC
The graph shows the number of deaths of Australian females over time for TWO cancers, X and Y, that resulted in more deaths than for any other forms of cancer.
Which cancer is represented by cancer Y?
- Breast
- Cervical
- Lung
- Skin