The graph shows the tax payable against taxable incomes up to $60 000 in a proposed tax system.
How much of each dollar earned over \($30\,000\) is payable in tax?
- 10 cents
- 12 cents
- 20 cents
- 23 cents
Algebra, STD2 EQ-Bank 01
Jerico is the manager of a weekend market in which there are 220 stalls for rent. From past experience, Jerico knows that if he charges \(d\) dollars to rent a stall. then the number of stalls, \(s\), that will be rented is given by:
\(s=220-4d\)
- How many stalls will be rented if Jerico charges $7.50 per stall . (1 mark)
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- Complete the following table for the function \(s=220-4d\). (1 mark)
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\begin{array} {|c|c|c|}
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \quad d\quad \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & \rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \quad 10\quad\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & \rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \quad 30\quad & \rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \quad 50\quad \\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \quad s\quad \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & \ & \ & \\
\hline
\end{array}
- Using an appropriate vertical scale and labelled axes, graph the function \(s=220-4d\) on the grid below. (2 marks)
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- Does it make sense to use the formula \(s=220-4d\) to calculate the number of stalls rented if Jerico charges $60 per stall? Explain your answer. (2 marks)
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Show Answers Only
a. \(190\ \text{stalls will be rented}\)
b.
\begin{array} {|c|c|c|}
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \quad d\quad \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & \rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \quad 10\quad\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & \rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \quad 30\quad & \rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \quad 50\quad \\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \quad s\quad \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & 180 \ & 100 \ & 20 \\
\hline
\end{array}
c.
d. \(\text{When}\ d=60, s=220-4\times 60=-20\)
\(\therefore\ \text{It does not make sense to charge }$60\ \text{ per stall}\)
\(\text{as you cannot have a negative number of stalls.}\)
Show Worked Solution
| a. | \(s\) | \(=220-4d\) |
| \(=220-4\times 7.50\) | ||
| \(=190\) |
\(190\ \text{stalls will be rented}\)
b.
\begin{array} {|c|c|c|}
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \quad d\quad \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & \rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \quad 10\quad\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & \rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \quad 30\quad & \rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \quad 50\quad \\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \quad s\quad \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & 180 \ & 100 \ & 20 \\
\hline
\end{array}
c.
d. \(\text{When}\ d=60, s=220-4\times 60=-20\)
\(\therefore\ \text{It does not make sense to charge }$60\ \text{ per stall}\)
\(\text{as you cannot have a negative number of stalls.}\)
Algebra, STD2 A4 2022 HSC 22
The formula `C=100 n+b` is used to calculate the cost of producing laptops, where `C` is the cost in dollars, `n` is the number of laptops produced and `b` is the fixed cost in dollars.
- Find the cost when 1943 laptops are produced and the fixed cost is $20 180. (1 mark)
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- Some laptops have some extra features added. The formula to calculate the production cost for these is
- `C=100 n+a n+20\ 180`
- where `a` is the additional cost in dollars per laptop produced.
- Find the number of laptops produced if the additional cost is $26 per laptop and the total production cost is $97 040. (2 marks)
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Algebra, STD2 A2 2022 HSC 16
Tom is 25 years old, and likes to keep fit by exercising.
- Use this formula to find his maximum heart rate (bpm). (1 mark)
- Maximum heart rate = 220 – age in years
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- Tom will get the most benefit from this exercise if his heart rate is between 50% and 85% of his maximum heart rate.
- Between what two heart rates should Tom be aiming for to get the most benefit from his exercise? (2 marks)
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Algebra, STD1 A3 2021 HSC 25
The diagram shows a container which consists of a small cylinder on top of a larger
cylinder.
The container is filled with water at a constant rate to the top of the smaller cylinder. It takes 5 minutes to fill the larger cylinder.
Draw a possible graph of the water level in the container against time. (2 marks)
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Show Answers Only
Show Worked Solution
♦ Mean mark 38%.
Algebra, STD2 A2 2021 HSC 18
The fuel consumption for a car is 6.7 litres/100 km. On a road trip, the car travels a distance of 1560 km and the fuel cost is $1.45 per litre.
What is the total fuel cost for the trip? (2 marks)
Algebra, STD2 A2 2020 HSC 10 MC
A plumber charges a call-out fee of $90 as well as $2 per minute while working.
Suppose the plumber works for `t` hours.
Which equation expresses the amount the plumber charges ($`C`) as a function of time (`t` hours)?
- `C = 2 + 90t`
- `C = 90 + 2t`
- `C = 120 + 90t`
- `C = 90 + 120t`
Algebra, STD2 A2 SM-Bank 4 MC
A car travels 350 km on 40 L of petrol.
What is its fuel consumption?
- 7.8 L/100 km
- 8.4 L/100 km
- 8.8 L/100 km
- 11.4 L/100 km
Algebra, STD2 A4 EQ-Bank 8 MC
Water was poured into a container at a constant rate. The graph shows the depth of water in the container as it was being filled.
Which of the following containers could have been used to produce this result?
| A. |  |
B. |  |
| C. |  |
D. |  |
Show Worked Solution
`text(S)text(ince the graph is a straight line, the cup fills up at)`
`text(a constant rate.)`
`=> B`
Algebra, STD2 A2 SM-Bank 3
The average height, `C`, in centimetres, of a girl between the ages of 6 years and 11 years can be represented by a line with equation
`C = 6A + 79`
where `A` is the age in years. For this line, the gradient is 6.
- What does this indicate about the heights of girls aged 6 to 11? (1 mark)
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- Give ONE reason why this equation is not suitable for predicting heights of girls older than 12. (1 mark)
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Algebra, STD2 A2 2018 HSC 5 MC
The driving distance from Alex's home to his work is 20 km. He drives to and from work five times each week. His car uses fuel at the rate of 8 L/100 km.
How much fuel does he use driving to and from work each week?
- 16 L
- 20 L
- 25 L
- 40 L
Algebra, STD2 A2 2017 HSC 14 MC
Kate is comparing two different models of car. Car A uses fuel at the rate of 9 L/100 km. Car B uses 3.5 L/100 km.
Suppose Kate plans on driving 8000 km in the next year.
How much less fuel will she use driving car B instead of car A?
A. `text(280 L)`
B. `text(440 L)`
C. `text(720 L)`
D. `text(1000 L)`
Algebra, STD2 A2 2017 HSC 3 MC
The graph shows the relationship between infant mortality rate (deaths per 1000 live births) and life expectancy at birth (in years) for different countries.
What is the life expectancy at birth in a country which has an infant mortality rate of 60?
- 68 years
- 69 years
- 86 years
- 88 years
Show Worked Solution
\(\text{When infant mortality rate is 60, life expectancy}\)
\(\text{at birth is 68 years (see below).}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\)
Algebra, STD2 A2 2016 HSC 29e
The graph shows the life expectancy of people born between 1900 and 2000.
- According to the graph, what is the life expectancy of a person born in 1932? (1 mark)
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- With reference to the value of the gradient, explain the meaning of the gradient in this context. (2 marks)
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Algebra, STD2 A2 2016 HSC 26c
Peta’s car uses fuel at the rate of 5.9 L /100 km for country driving and 7.3 L /100 km for city driving. On a trip, she drives 170 km in the country and 25 km in the city.
Calculate the amount of fuel she used on this trip. (2 marks)
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Algebra, STD2 A2 2007 HSC 27b
A clubhouse uses four long-life light globes for five hours every night of the year. The purchase price of each light globe is $6.00 and they each cost `$d` per hour to run.
- Write an equation for the total cost (`$c`) of purchasing and running these four light globes for one year in terms of `d`. (2 marks)
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- Find the value of `d` (correct to three decimal places) if the total cost of running these four light globes for one year is $250. (1 mark)
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- If the use of the light globes increases to ten hours per night every night of the year, does the total cost double? Justify your answer with appropriate calculations. (1 mark)
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- The manufacturer’s specifications state that the expected life of the light globes is normally distributed with a standard deviation of 170 hours.
What is the mean life, in hours, of these light globes if 97.5% will last up to 5000 hours? (1 mark)
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Show Worked Solution
i. `text(Purchase price) = 4 xx 6 = $24`
| `text(Running cost)` | `= text(# Hours) xx text(Cost per hour)` |
| `= 4 xx 5 xx 365 xx d` | |
| `= 7300d` | |
| `:.\ $c = 24 + 7300d` | |
ii. `text(Given)\ \ $c = $250`
| `250` | `= 24 + 7300d` |
| `7300d` | `= 226` |
| `d` | `= 226/7300` |
| `= 0.03095…` | |
| `= 0.031\ $ text(/hr)\ text{(3 d.p.)}` |
iii. `text(If)\ d\ text(doubles to 0.062)\ \ $text(/hr)`
| `$c` | `= 24 + 7300 xx 0.062` |
| `= $476.60` | |
| `text(S) text(ince $476.60 is less than)\ 2 xx $250\ ($500),` | |
| `text(the total cost increases to less than double)` | |
| `text(the original cost.)` | |
iv. `sigma = 170`
`z\ text(-score of 5000 hours) = 2`
| `z` | `= (x – mu)/sigma` |
| `2` | `= (5000 – mu)/170` |
| `340` | `= 5000 – mu` |
| `mu` | `= 4660` |
`:.\ text(The mean life of these globes is 4660 hours.)`
Algebra, STD2 A2 2014 HSC 27b
Xuso is comparing the costs of two different ways of travelling to university.
Xuso’s motorcycle uses one litre of fuel for every 17 km travelled. The cost of fuel is $1.67/L and the distance from her home to the university car park is 34 km. The cost of travelling by bus is $36.40 for 10 single trips.
Which way of travelling is cheaper and by how much? Support your answer with calculations. (2 marks)
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Algebra, STD2 A2 2014 HSC 22 MC
Heather’s car uses fuel at the rate of 6.6 L per 100 km for long-distance driving and 8.9 L per 100 km for short-distance driving.
She used the car to make a journey of 560 km, which included 65 km of short-distance driving.
Approximately how much fuel did Heather’s car use on the journey?
- 37 L
- 38 L
- 48 L
- 50 L
Algebra, STD2 A2 2010 HSC 27c
The graph shows tax payable against taxable income, in thousands of dollars.
- Use the graph to find the tax payable on a taxable income of $21 000. (1 mark)
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- Use suitable points from the graph to show that the gradient of the section of the graph marked `A` is `1/3`. (1 mark)
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- How much of each dollar earned between $21 000 and $39 000 is payable in tax? (1 mark)
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- Write an equation that could be used to calculate the tax payable, `T`, in terms of the taxable income, `I`, for taxable incomes between $21 000 and $39 000. (2 marks)
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Show Worked Solution
| a. |  |
`text(Income on)\ $21\ 000=$3000\ \ \ text{(from graph)}`
b. `text(Using the points)\ (21,3)\ text(and)\ (39,9)`
♦♦ Mean mark 25%
| `text(Gradient at)\ A` | `= (y_2\-y_1)/(x_2\ -x_1)` |
| `= (9000-3000)/(39\ 000 -21\ 000)` | |
| `= 6000/(18\ 000)` | |
| `= 1/3\ \ \ \ \ text(… as required)` |
c. `text(The gradient represents the tax applicable to each dollar)`
♦♦♦ Mean mark 12%!
MARKER’S COMMENT: Interpreting gradients is an examiner favourite, so make sure you are confident in this area.
MARKER’S COMMENT: Interpreting gradients is an examiner favourite, so make sure you are confident in this area.
| `text(Tax)` | ` = 1/3\ text(of each dollar earned)` |
| ` = 33 1/3\ text(cents per dollar earned)` |
d. `text( Tax payable up to $21 000 = $3000)`
`text(Tax payable on income between $21 000 and $39 000)`
♦♦♦ Mean mark 15%.
STRATEGY: The earlier parts of this question direct students to the most efficient way to solve this question. Make sure earlier parts of a question are front and centre of your mind when devising strategy.
STRATEGY: The earlier parts of this question direct students to the most efficient way to solve this question. Make sure earlier parts of a question are front and centre of your mind when devising strategy.
` = 1/3 (I\-21\ 000)`
| `:.\ text(Tax payable on)\ \ I` | `= 3000 + 1/3 (I\-21\ 000)` |
| `= 3000 + 1/3 I\-7000` | |
| `= 1/3 I\-4000` |
Algebra, STD2 A2 2009 HSC 24d
A factory makes boots and sandals. In any week
• the total number of pairs of boots and sandals that are made is 200
• the maximum number of pairs of boots made is 120
• the maximum number of pairs of sandals made is 150.
The factory manager has drawn a graph to show the numbers of pairs of boots (`x`) and sandals (`y`) that can be made.
- Find the equation of the line `AD`. (1 mark)
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- Explain why this line is only relevant between `B` and `C` for this factory. (1 mark)
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- The profit per week, `$P`, can be found by using the equation `P = 24x + 15y`.
Compare the profits at `B` and `C`. (2 marks)
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Algebra, STD2 A2 2009 HSC 13 MC
The volume of water in a tank changes over six months, as shown in the graph.
Consider the overall decrease in the volume of water.
What is the average percentage decrease in the volume of water per month over this time, to the nearest percent?
- 6%
- 11%
- 32%
- 64%