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Aussie Maths & Science Teachers: Save your time with SmarterEd

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 956 MC

To maintain optimal buoyancy while floating, a swimmer should focus on which muscular action?

  1. Relaxing all muscles to conserve energy
  2. Contracting leg muscles to keep feet at the surface
  3. Engaging abdominal muscles to maintain core position
  4. Tensing shoulder muscles to keep arms extended
Show Answers Only

\(C\)

Show Worked Solution
  • C is correct: Contracting abdominal muscles keeps the core (naval region) at the surface, maintaining streamlined position and optimal buoyancy.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Complete muscle relaxation often leads to poor flotation position
  • B is incorrect: Leg muscle tension alone doesn’t address core stability needed for flotation.
  • D is incorrect: Shoulder tension doesn’t contribute significantly to maintaining buoyancy.

v1 Measurement, STD2 M1 SM-Bank 8

A cannonball is made out of lead and has a diameter of 18 cm.

  1. Find the volume of the sphere in cubic centimetres (correct to 1 decimal place). (2 marks)
  2. It is known that the mass of lead is 11.3 tonnes/m³. Use this information to find the mass of the cannonball to the nearest gram. (2 marks)
Show Answers Only
  1. `3053.6\ \text{cm³  (1 d.p.)}`
  2. `34\ 506\ \text{grams}`
Show Worked Solution

i.     `text(Radius) = 18 / 2 = 9\ \text{cm}`

`text(Volume)` `= \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3`
  `= \frac{4}{3} \pi (9)^3`
  `= \frac{4}{3} \pi (729) = 3053.628…`
  `= 3053.6\ \text{cm³ (1 d.p.)}`

 

ii.     `text(1 m³ = 1,000,000 cm³)`

`11.3\ \text{tonnes} = 11,300\ \text{kg} = 11,300,000\ \text{grams}`

`text(Mass of cannon ball)`

`= 3053.6 \times ({11,300,000} / {1,000,000})`

`= 3053.6 \times 11.3 = 34,505.68…`

`= 34,506\ \text{grams}`

v1 Measurement, STD2 M1 2019 HSC 24

Ben uses 45 kilocalories of energy per kilometre when cycling.

He drinks a smoothie that contains 1260 kilojoules of energy. How many kilometres will he need to cycle to use up all the energy from the smoothie? Give your answer correct to one decimal place. (1 kilocalorie = 4.184 kilojoules)  (2 marks)

Show Answers Only

`6.7\ \text{km (1 d.p.)}`

Show Worked Solution
`text(Kilocalories in smoothie)` `= 1260 / 4.184`
  `= 301.252…`

 
`:.\ \text(Kilometres required to cycle)`

`= 301.252 / 45`

`= 6.694…`

`= 6.7\ \text{km (1 d.p.)}`

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 457

Outline the purpose of the Sustainable Development Goals.   (3 marks)

Show Answers Only
  • Provide a world-changing roadmap for achieving sustainable development by 2030
  • End poverty and other deprivations while improving health, education and reducing inequality
  • Tackle climate change while preserving oceans and forests for future generations
Show Worked Solution
  • Provide a world-changing roadmap for achieving sustainable development by 2030
  • End poverty and other deprivations while improving health, education and reducing inequality
  • Tackle climate change while preserving oceans and forests for future generations

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 456 MC

Creating walkways, footpaths, and cycling lanes in communities primarily addresses which SDG?

  1. SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
  2. SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being
  3. SDG 4: Quality Education
  4. SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals
Show Answers Only

\(A\)

Show Worked Solution
  • A is correct: These infrastructure developments directly support SDG 11 by making communities more inclusive, safe, and sustainable.

Other Options:

  • B is incorrect: While these promote health, they primarily address urban sustainability
  • C is incorrect: These infrastructure elements don’t directly relate to education quality
  • D is incorrect: These are community infrastructure projects, not partnership initiatives

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 455 MC

Which SDG initiative specifically supports young Australians with permanent or significant disabilities to live more independently?

  1. Positive Behaviour for Learning (PBL)
  2. Closing the Gap Report
  3. Quality Education framework
  4. National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS)
Show Answers Only

\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct: The NDIS provides support including funding for equipment, personal care, and therapies to help young people with disabilities live independently.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: PBL focuses on school behaviour and attendance, not disability support
  • B is incorrect: This is a report on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander outcomes, not a support scheme
  • C is incorrect: This is an educational framework, not a disability support initiative

PHYSICS, M3 EQ-Bank 7

The graph below shows the temperature of a pure substance as heat is added at a constant rate.
 

  1. Identify the section(s) of the graph where the substance is undergoing a phase change.   (1 mark)
  1. For one of the phase change sections you identified, explain why the temperature remains constant even though heat is being added.   (2 marks)
  1. What is the name of the heat associated with the horizontal section representing the solid-to-liquid phase change?   (1 mark)
Show Answers Only

a.    Phase changes:

  • Phase changes occur during the horizontal (flat) sections of the graph.
  • These occur during sections \(B\) and \(D\).

b.    For the phase change at \(B\):

  • The added heat is used to break intermolecular bonds, rather than increase the kinetic energy of the particles.
  • Since temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy, the temperature remains constant during this process. The energy added is called latent heat, which is required to overcome the forces holding the particles in their current phase.

c.    The heat involved in the solid-to-liquid phase change is latent heat of fusion.

Show Worked Solution

a.    Phase changes:

  • Phase changes occur during the horizontal (flat) sections of the graph.
  • These occur during sections \(B\) and \(D\).

b.    For the phase change at \(B\):

  • The added heat is used to break intermolecular bonds, rather than increase the kinetic energy of the particles.
  • Since temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy, the temperature remains constant during this process. The energy added is called latent heat, which is required to overcome the forces holding the particles in their current phase.

c.    The heat involved in the solid-to-liquid phase change is latent heat of fusion.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 453 MC

Which of the following best describes the Australian government's first step in implementing the SDGs?

  1. Creating new data collection systems for all 17 goals
  2. Establishing partnerships with international organisations
  3. Designing new policies for each individual SDG
  4. Working out what existing data matches or aligns with the SDGs
Show Answers Only

\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct: The document states the first step is determining what data already exists that matches or aligns with the SDGs.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: They use existing data first, rather than creating entirely new systems
  • B is incorrect: While partnerships are important, data alignment comes first
  • C is incorrect: Policy design comes after data assessment and alignment

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 450 MC

Which of the following best describes the five areas of critical importance identified by the UN for the SDGs?

  1. Health, Education, Economy, Environment, Society
  2. Poverty, Hunger, Health, Education, Equality
  3. People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, Partnership
  4. Communities, Nations, Governments, Business, Individuals
Show Answers Only

\(C\)

Show Worked Solution
  • C is correct: The UN identified People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnership as the five critical areas.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: These are important themes but not the official five areas
  • B is incorrect: These are individual SDGs, not the five critical areas
  • D is incorrect: These are stakeholder groups, not the critical areas

v1 Financial Maths, STD2 F4 2022 HSC 27

A business buys a delivery van for $60 000. The two depreciation methods under consideration are the declining-balance method and the straight-line method.

  1. For the declining-balance method, the salvage value of the van after `n` years is given by the formula
  2. `S=V_(0)xx(0.75)^(n),`
  3. where `S` is the salvage value and `V_(0)` is the initial cost of the asset.
    1. What is the annual rate of depreciation used in this formula?  (1 mark)

    2. Calculate the salvage value of the van after 2 years, based on the given formula.  (1 mark)

  4. Using the straight-line method, the van depreciates by 13.75% of its purchase price each year.
  5. After how many full years will the value of the van be equal to or less than the value found in part (a) (ii)?  (2 marks)

Show Answers Only
  1.  i. `25text{%}`
  2. ii. `$33\ 750`
  3. `3\ text{years}`
Show Worked Solution

a.i.  `text{Depreciation rate}\ = 1-0.75 = 0.25 = 25text{%}`

a.ii.  `text{Find}\ \ S\ \ text{when}\ \ n=2:`

`S` `= V_0 xx (0.75)^2`
  `= 60\ 000 xx 0.5625`
  `= $33\ 750`

b.  `text{Using the SL method}`

`S_n` `= 60\ 000-(0.1375 xx 60\ 000) xx n`
  `= 60\ 000-8250n`

`text{Set}\ \ S_n \leq 33\ 750`

`33\ 750` `= 60\ 000-8250n`
`8250n` `= 26\ 250`
`n` `= 26\ 250 / 8250 = 3.18`
  `⇒ 3\ text{years (to nearest full year)}`
♦♦ Solid performance expected if depreciation concepts are understood.
HINT: Watch out for rounding when comparing values in part (b).

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 440

Explain how ethical behaviour contributes to building positive relationships and community connectedness among young people.   (5 marks)

Show Answers Only

ANSWER STYLE #1: General Points to use within student-chosen answer structure

*Language highlighting the cause-effect relationship is bolded in the answer below.

  • Ethical behaviour, like honesty and keeping promises, builds trust because it proves young people are reliable and respectful. This leads to stronger friendships and peer support networks.
  • When young people consider others’ wellbeing in their decisions, this causes everyone to feel valued and included, thereby creating communities where diverse individuals connect meaningfully.
  • Acting ethically towards others results in reciprocal respect, as people naturally respond positively to fair treatment, promoting mutual understanding and cooperation.
  • This occurs because ethical behaviour reduces conflicts and misunderstandings between young people. This allows them to focus on building positive relationships rather than managing disputes.
  • Consistent ethical actions demonstrate personal integrity to the community. This causes others to seek out these individuals for friendship and collaboration, thus strengthening overall community connectedness.

 

ANSWER STYLE #2: Highly structured (PEEL)

  • [P] Ethical behaviour like honesty and fairness builds trust between young people.
  • [E] This occurs because consistent ethical actions prove someone is reliable and respectful.
  • [Ev] When teens keep promises and treat others fairly, friendships strengthen and peer groups become more supportive.
  • [L] Therefore, ethical behaviour directly leads to deeper, more meaningful relationships.
     
  • [P] Considering others’ wellbeing through ethical choices creates inclusive communities.
  • [E] This works by making all young people feel valued regardless of differences.
  • [Ev] Schools where students stand up against bullying report higher levels of belonging and connection.
  • [L] This demonstrates why ethical actions result in stronger community bonds.
     
  • [P] Young people modelling ethical behaviour inspire others to act similarly.
  • [E] This happens when positive actions create ripple effects throughout peer groups.
  • [Ev] One student’s ethical stance against cheating often influences entire classes to value academic integrity.
  • [L] As a result, ethical behaviour spreads, which enables widespread community connectedness.
Show Worked Solution

*Language highlighting the cause-effect relationship is bolded in the answer below.

  • Ethical behaviour, like honesty and keeping promises, builds trust because it proves young people are reliable and respectful. This leads to stronger friendships and peer support networks.
  • When young people consider others’ wellbeing in their decisions, this causes everyone to feel valued and included, thereby creating communities where diverse individuals connect meaningfully.
  • Acting ethically towards others results in reciprocal respect, as people naturally respond positively to fair treatment, promoting mutual understanding and cooperation.
  • This occurs because ethical behaviour reduces conflicts and misunderstandings between young people. This allows them to focus on building positive relationships rather than managing disputes.
  • Consistent ethical actions demonstrate personal integrity to the community. This causes others to seek out these individuals for friendship and collaboration, thus strengthening overall community connectedness.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 439

Explain the importance of help-seeking behaviours in maintaining young people's mental health and wellbeing.   (5 marks)

Show Answers Only

*Language highlighting the cause-effect relationship is bolded in the answer below.

  • Help-seeking behaviours enable early intervention for mental health concerns because professional support identifies problems before they worsen.
  • This occurs when young people access counsellors or psychologists at the first signs of anxiety or depression. As a result, minor stress doesn’t develop into severe mental illness requiring hospitalisation
  • This demonstrates why early help-seeking prevents long-term psychological damage. The reason for this is that professionals provide specialised coping strategies young people cannot develop alone.
  • This works by teaching evidence-based techniques like cognitive behavioural therapy and mindfulness.
  • These elements work together to build resilience against future mental health challenges. Consequently, young people gain lifelong skills for managing emotions and stress.
  • Seeking help creates connection with support networks, which reduces isolation and stigma.
  • This happens when young people realise others share similar struggles through group therapy or peer support, resulting in increased confidence to discuss mental health openly.
  • In this way, help-seeking transforms shame into empowerment and community connection.
Show Worked Solution

*Language highlighting the cause-effect relationship is bolded in the answer below.

  • Help-seeking behaviours enable early intervention for mental health concerns because professional support identifies problems before they worsen.
  • This occurs when young people access counsellors or psychologists at the first signs of anxiety or depression. As a result, minor stress doesn’t develop into severe mental illness requiring hospitalisation
  • This demonstrates why early help-seeking prevents long-term psychological damage. The reason for this is that professionals provide specialised coping strategies young people cannot develop alone.
  • This works by teaching evidence-based techniques like cognitive behavioural therapy and mindfulness.
  • These elements work together to build resilience against future mental health challenges. Consequently, young people gain lifelong skills for managing emotions and stress.
  • Seeking help creates connection with support networks, which reduces isolation and stigma.
  • This happens when young people realise others share similar struggles through group therapy or peer support, resulting in increased confidence to discuss mental health openly.
  • In this way, help-seeking transforms shame into empowerment and community connection.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 438

Outline how health literacy enables young people to develop effective coping strategies for managing stress.   (3 marks)

Show Answers Only
  • Health literacy provides young people with knowledge about the physical and mental effects of stress on their bodies and minds.
  • Understanding stress responses helps young people recognise early warning signs and implement appropriate coping strategies before problems escalate.
  • Health literate individuals can evaluate different stress management techniques and choose evidence-based approaches that suit their personal needs and circumstances.
Show Worked Solution
  • Health literacy provides young people with knowledge about the physical and mental effects of stress on their bodies and minds.
  • Understanding stress responses helps young people recognise early warning signs and implement appropriate coping strategies before problems escalate.
  • Health literate individuals can evaluate different stress management techniques and choose evidence-based approaches that suit their personal needs and circumstances.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 436

Outline how developing self-efficacy can help young people make healthier choices when faced with peer pressure to engage in risky behaviours.   (3 marks)

Show Answers Only
  • Self-efficacy builds confidence in personal decision-making abilities, enabling young people to trust their judgment over peer influence.
  • Strong self-efficacy helps young people believe they can successfully navigate social situations while maintaining their personal values and health goals.
  • Self-efficacious individuals are more likely to use problem-solving skills to find alternative solutions that satisfy social needs without compromising their wellbeing.
Show Worked Solution
  • Self-efficacy builds confidence in personal decision-making abilities, enabling young people to trust their judgment over peer influence.
  • Strong self-efficacy helps young people believe they can successfully navigate social situations while maintaining their personal values and health goals.
  • Self-efficacious individuals are more likely to use problem-solving skills to find alternative solutions that satisfy social needs without compromising their wellbeing.

PHYSICS, M3 EQ-Bank 8 MC

Two tuning forks produce sound waves with frequencies of 256 Hz and 260 Hz when played simultaneously. What is the beat frequency that a listener hears?

  1. 2 Hz
  2. 4 Hz
  3. 256 Hz
  4. 516 Hz
Show Answers Only

\(B\)

Show Worked Solution

\(f_{\text{beat}} = \abs{f_2-f_1} = \abs{260-256} = 4\ \text{Hz}\)

\(\Rightarrow B\)

PHYSICS, M3 EQ-Bank 6 MC

A student stands near the entrance of a long tunnel and shouts to test how far away the tunnel wall is. They hear the echo of their voice return 4.0 seconds after shouting.

How far away is the tunnel wall?

  1. 340 m
  2. 680 m
  3. 1020 m
  4. 1360 m
Show Answers Only

\(B\)

Show Worked Solution
  • The speed of sound in air is 340 ms\(^{-1}\).
  •    \(d = v \times t = 340 \times 4 = 1360\ \text{m}\)
  • As the sound travels 1360 m to and from the tunnel way, the distance from the student to the tunnel wall will be half of that distance, i.e. 680 m.

\(\Rightarrow B\)

v1 Financial Maths, STD2 F4 2018 HSC 26h

A piece of machinery is purchased for $18,500.

The value of the machine depreciates by 14% each year using the declining-balance method.

What is the value of the machine after three years?  (2 marks)

Show Answers Only

`$11\ 767\ \ (text(nearest dollar))`

Show Worked Solution
`S` `= V_0(1 – r)^n`
  `= 18\ 500(1 – 0.14)^3`
  `= 18\ 500(0.86)^3`
  `= 18\ 500 × 0.636056`
  `= 11\ 767.04`
  `= $11\ 767\ \ (text(nearest dollar))`

v1 Financial Maths, STD2 F4 2014 HSC 9 MC

A laptop is purchased for $2500. It depreciates at a rate of 25% per annum using the declining balance method.

What will be the salvage value of the laptop after 2 years, to the nearest dollar?

  1. $1406
  2. $1250
  3. $1681
  4. $1875
Show Answers Only

`A`

Show Worked Solution
`S` `= V_0 (1-r)^n`
  `= 2500 (1-25/100)^2`
  `= 2500 (0.75)^2`
  `= 2500 × 0.5625`
  `= $1406.25`

 

`Rightarrow \ text(To the nearest dollar, the salvage value is **$1406**)`

`Rightarrow A`

PHYSICS, M3 EQ-Bank 5

A tightly stretched string, fixed at both ends, is 1.80 m long. When it vibrates at a frequency of 90 Hz, it forms a standing wave pattern with three antinodes (loops) as seen below:

  1. What is the wavelength of the waves on the string?   (1 mark)
  1. Calculate the wave speed along the string.   (1 mark)
  1. Determine the fundamental frequency (lowest possible standing wave frequency) for this string. Show your reasoning.   (2 marks)
Show Answers Only

a.    \(1.20\ \text{m}\)

b.    \(108\ \text{m/s}\)

c.    \(30\ \text{Hz}\)

Show Worked Solution

a.    There are \(\dfrac{3}{2}\lambda\) on the \(1.80\ \text{m}\) string.

\(\therefore \lambda = \dfrac{2}{3} \times 1.80 = 1.20\ \text{m}\)
 

b.    \(v = f\lambda = 90 \times 1.2 = 108\ \text{m/s}\).
 

c.    Fundamental frequency occurs when the wavelength of the standing wave is the largest.

  • This will occur when \(\dfrac{\lambda}{2} = 1.80\ \text{m} \ \Rightarrow \ \lambda = 3.6\ \text{m}\).
  •    \(f = \dfrac{v}{\lambda} = \dfrac{108}{3.6} = 30\ \text{Hz}\).

PHYSICS, M3 EQ-Bank 2 MC

A standing wave with a wavelength of 48 cm is formed along a stretched string, as shown in the diagram.
 

If Point \(P\) on the string is an antinode, what is the horizontal distance between Point \(P\) and the next closest antinode?

  1.  12 cm
  2. 24 cm
  3. 48 cm
  4. 96 cm
Show Answers Only

\(B\)

Show Worked Solution
  • The distance between two adjacent antinodes is \(\dfrac{1}{2} \lambda\).
  • Distance from \(P\) to the next antinode = \(48 \times \dfrac{1}{2} = 24\ \text{cm}\).

\(\Rightarrow B\)

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 426

Headspace provides mental health services, resources and support programs specifically targeting young Australians aged 12-25 and their families.

Identify TWO such services and explain how they address mental health issues in young Australians.   (4 marks)

Show Answers Only

Any TWO of the following

Headspace centres:

  • These youth-friendly physical locations provide face-to-face counselling, psychological support and early intervention services, addressing mental health issues by offering accessible, age-appropriate treatment in non-clinical environments that reduce stigma and encourage help-seeking behaviour.

eheadspace online support:

  • This digital platform offers web-based and phone counselling services, chat support and self-help resources, addressing mental health issues by providing immediate access to professional support regardless of location, particularly benefiting young people in rural areas or those hesitant to seek face-to-face help.

School support programs:

  • Headspace delivers mental health education and early intervention programs directly in educational settings, addressing mental health issues by building awareness, reducing stigma and identifying at-risk students before problems escalate into more serious conditions. 

Family and carer support:

  • These programs provide education and resources for parents and carers about youth mental health, addressing mental health issues by creating supportive home environments and equipping families with skills to recognise warning signs and respond appropriately.
Show Worked Solution

Answers could include any two of the following:

Headspace centres

  • These youth-friendly physical locations provide face-to-face counselling, psychological support and early intervention services, addressing mental health issues by offering accessible, age-appropriate treatment in non-clinical environments that reduce stigma and encourage help-seeking behaviour.

eheadspace online support

  • This digital platform offers web-based and phone counselling services, chat support and self-help resources, addressing mental health issues by providing immediate access to professional support regardless of location, particularly benefiting young people in rural areas or those hesitant to seek face-to-face help.

School support programs

  • Headspace delivers mental health education and early intervention programs directly in educational settings, addressing mental health issues by building awareness, reducing stigma and identifying at-risk students before problems escalate into more serious conditions. 

Family and carer support

  • These programs provide education and resources for parents and carers about youth mental health, addressing mental health issues by creating supportive home environments and equipping families with skills to recognise warning signs and respond appropriately.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 424

Sexual health is a health issue affecting many young Australians. Identify TWO strategies that exist to address this issue.   (2 marks)

Show Answers Only

Answers could include any two of the following:

  • Comprehensive sexual health education programs in schools provide young people with knowledge about safe sex practices, consent, and sexually transmitted infection prevention.
  • Government-funded services like Family Planning NSW and sexual health clinics offer confidential testing, treatment, and counselling specifically designed for young people’s needs.
  • Telehealth services – Online and phone consultations making sexual health advice more accessible, especially for rural young people
  • Peer education programs – Training young people to educate their peers about sexual health in schools and community settings
  • Community health centres – Local services providing free or low-cost sexual health testing and counselling
Show Worked Solution

Answers could include any two of the following:

  • Comprehensive sexual health education programs in schools provide young people with knowledge about safe sex practices, consent, and sexually transmitted infection prevention.
  • Government-funded services like Family Planning NSW and sexual health clinics offer confidential testing, treatment, and counselling specifically designed for young people’s needs.
  • Telehealth services – Online and phone consultations making sexual health advice more accessible, especially for rural young people
  • Peer education programs – Training young people to educate their peers about sexual health in schools and community settings
  • Community health centres – Local services providing free or low-cost sexual health testing and counselling

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 415

Describe how a young person can demonstrate resilience when facing cyberbullying.   (3 marks)

Show Answers Only
  • Maintain perspective that cyberbullying reflects the bully’s problems, not their own self-worth.
  • Actively seek support from trusted adults, friends or counselling services to cope effectively.
  • Document evidence of cyberbullying (screenshots, messages) and use blocking/reporting features to take control of their online experience
Show Worked Solution
  • Maintain perspective that cyberbullying reflects the bully’s problems, not their own self-worth.
  • Actively seek support from trusted adults, friends or counselling services to cope effectively.
  • Document evidence of cyberbullying (screenshots, messages) and use blocking/reporting features to take control of their online experience

PHYSICS, M3 EQ-Bank 3

A light beam enters a glass prism with a refractive index \((n)\) of 1.60.
 

  1. What happens to the speed of the light as it enters the glass prism from air?   (1 mark)
  1. A beam of green light with a frequency of 5.2 \(\times\) 10\(^{14}\) enters the glass. Calculate the wavelength of this light inside the prism.   (1 mark)
  1. The beam strikes the surface of the prism at an angle of incidence of 30\(^{\circ}\). Calculate the angle of refraction for the beam as it enters the prism, and draw a line on the diagram (above) to show the direction of the beam inside the prism.    (2 marks)

  2. Define the term critical angle, and calculate the critical angle for the glass-to-air boundary of the prism.   (2 marks)
Show Answers Only

a.    The speed of the light will slow down.

b.    \(3.6 \times 10^{-7}\ \text{m}\)

c.    \(18.2^{\circ}\)

d.   Critical angle definition:

  • The minimum angle of incidence in a denser medium (like glass) at which light is refracted along the boundary between two media (i.e. refracted at 90° to the normal).
  • If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, total internal reflection occurs. i.e. the light is reflected back entirely into the denser medium.
  • The critical angle for the glass to air boundary is 38.7°.
Show Worked Solution

a.    Using  \(n = \dfrac{c}{v}:\)

\(v_g = \dfrac{c}{n_g} = \dfrac{3 \times 10^8}{1.6} = 1.875 \times 10^8\ \text{ms}^{-1}\)

  • The speed of the light will slow down.
     

b.    Using  \(v=f \times \lambda\):

\(\lambda_g = \dfrac{v_g}{f} = \dfrac{1.875 \times 10^8}{5.2 \times 10^{14}} = 3.6 \times 10^{-7}\ \text{m}\)
 

c.    Using Snell’s Law:

\(n_1 \sin \theta_1\) \(=n_2 \sin\theta_2\)  
\(\theta_2\) \(=\sin^{-1}\left(\dfrac{n_1 \sin\theta_1}{n_2}\right)=\sin^{-1}\left(\dfrac{1 \times \sin30}{1.60}\right)=18.2^{\circ}\)  

 
     
 

d.   Critical angle definition:

  • The minimum angle of incidence in a denser medium (like glass) at which light is refracted along the boundary between two media (i.e. refracted at 90° to the normal).
  • If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, total internal reflection occurs. i.e. the light is reflected back entirely into the denser medium.
  • Using  \(\sin \theta_c=\dfrac{n_2}{n_1}\)
  •    \(\theta_c= \sin^{-1}\left(\dfrac{n_2}{n_1}\right) = \sin^{-1}\left(\dfrac{1}{1.6}\right) = 38.7^{\circ}\)
  • The critical angle for the glass to air boundary is 38.7°.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 408

Evaluate the effectiveness of social media in influencing young people's health behaviours.   (8 marks)

Show Answers Only

ANSWER STYLE #1: General Points to use within student-chosen answer structure

  • Social media platforms provide accessible health information and education through influencers promoting positive health behaviors such as exercise routines, nutrition advice, and mental health awareness campaigns.
  • Online communities create support networks for young people facing health challenges, reducing isolation and providing encouragement for those managing conditions like anxiety, depression or chronic illnesses.
  • However, social media can spread misinformation about health practices, particularly concerning nutrition, fitness, and mental health treatments, leading young people to adopt potentially harmful practices without professional guidance.
  • The pressure to conform to idealised body images on platforms like Instagram contributes to poor body image, with research showing increased rates of disordered eating patterns among heavy social media users.
  • Health promotion campaigns utilising social media have demonstrated effectiveness in reaching young audiences with targeted messaging about issues like quitting smoking and sexual health, particularly when content is youth-led and authentic.
  • The algorithms of social media platforms can create echo chambers that reinforce harmful behaviours like extreme dieting or substance use by connecting users with similar content, limiting exposure to balanced health perspectives.

 

ANSWER STYLE #2: Highly structured

Evaluation Statement

  • Social media is partially effective in influencing young people’s health behaviours.
  • This evaluation examines reach and engagement capabilities versus harmful content exposure.

Reach and Engagement

  • Social media demonstrates superior reach for health messaging to young audiences.
  • Evidence supporting this includes health campaigns achieving millions of views through youth influencers.
  • Online support communities successfully connect isolated young people managing anxiety or chronic illnesses.
  • Online platforms are very good at engaging young people through interactive features and peer-to-peer support networks.
  • For example, youth-led content about quitting smoking shows 60% higher engagement than traditional campaigns.
  • Another critical strength is 24/7 accessibility allowing immediate health information access.

Harmful Content Exposure

  • Social media can often fail to achieve safe health information delivery for vulnerable youth.
  • Research indicates that Instagram use correlates with increased eating disorders among teenagers due to its algorithms creating echo chambers that reinforce extreme dieting.
  • Platforms inadequately fulfil their responsibility to filter health misinformation. While strong in spreading content, online platforms do not consider it their responsibility to verify its accuracy.
  • As a result, harmful content such as unqualified influencers promoting dangerous detox teas can reach more youth than qualified health professionals.

Final Evaluation

  • Weighing these factors shows social media’s influence is a double-edged sword.
  • The strengths partially outweigh weaknesses because positive campaigns can counteract harmful content.
  • Although effective for health promotion reach, it proves less suitable for ensuring information quality.
  • The overall evaluation demonstrates urgent need for digital health literacy education.
  • Implications suggest platforms should be pressured to implement stricter controls over the accuracy of content that appears on their site.
Show Worked Solution

ANSWER STYLE #1: General Points to use within student-chosen answer structure

  • Social media platforms provide accessible health information and education through influencers promoting positive health behaviors such as exercise routines, nutrition advice, and mental health awareness campaigns.
  • Online communities create support networks for young people facing health challenges, reducing isolation and providing encouragement for those managing conditions like anxiety, depression or chronic illnesses.
  • However, social media can spread misinformation about health practices, particularly concerning nutrition, fitness, and mental health treatments, leading young people to adopt potentially harmful practices without professional guidance.
  • The pressure to conform to idealised body images on platforms like Instagram contributes to poor body image, with research showing increased rates of disordered eating patterns among heavy social media users.
  • Health promotion campaigns utilising social media have demonstrated effectiveness in reaching young audiences with targeted messaging about issues like quitting smoking and sexual health, particularly when content is youth-led and authentic.
  • The algorithms of social media platforms can create echo chambers that reinforce harmful behaviours like extreme dieting or substance use by connecting users with similar content, limiting exposure to balanced health perspectives.

 

ANSWER STYLE #2: Highly structured

Evaluation Statement

  • Social media is partially effective in influencing young people’s health behaviours.
  • This evaluation examines reach and engagement capabilities versus harmful content exposure.

Reach and Engagement

  • Social media demonstrates superior reach for health messaging to young audiences.
  • Evidence supporting this includes health campaigns achieving millions of views through youth influencers.
  • Online support communities successfully connect isolated young people managing anxiety or chronic illnesses.
  • Online platforms are very good at engaging young people through interactive features and peer-to-peer support networks.
  • For example, youth-led content about quitting smoking shows 60% higher engagement than traditional campaigns.
  • Another critical strength is 24/7 accessibility allowing immediate health information access.

Harmful Content Exposure

  • Social media can often fail to achieve safe health information delivery for vulnerable youth.
  • Research indicates that Instagram use correlates with increased eating disorders among teenagers due to its algorithms creating echo chambers that reinforce extreme dieting.
  • Platforms inadequately fulfil their responsibility to filter health misinformation. While strong in spreading content, online platforms do not consider it their responsibility to verify its accuracy.
  • As a result, harmful content such as unqualified influencers promoting dangerous detox teas can reach more youth than qualified health professionals.

Final Evaluation

  • Weighing these factors shows social media’s influence is a double-edged sword.
  • The strengths partially outweigh weaknesses because positive campaigns can counteract harmful content.
  • Although effective for health promotion reach, it proves less suitable for ensuring information quality.
  • The overall evaluation demonstrates urgent need for digital health literacy education.
  • Implications suggest platforms should be pressured to implement stricter controls over the accuracy of content that appears on their site.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 407

Describe how alcohol consumption can impact the health and wellbeing of young people.   (5 marks)

Show Answers Only
  • Alcohol affects brain development in young people, potentially causing long-term cognitive impairment and memory problems as the brain continues developing until approximately age 25.
  • Binge drinking increases risk-taking behaviors such as unsafe sex, violence, and dangerous driving, leading to higher rates of accidents and injuries.
  • Young people who drink regularly are more susceptible to developing alcohol dependence later in life, creating long-term health concerns.
  • Alcohol consumption can interfere with academic performance through poor concentration, missed classes and reduced study time, affecting future opportunities.
  • Social impacts include damaged relationships with family and friends, legal consequences from underage drinking, and reduced participation in healthy activities like sports and community engagement.
Show Worked Solution
  • Alcohol affects brain development in young people, potentially causing long-term cognitive impairment and memory problems as the brain continues developing until approximately age 25.
  • Binge drinking increases risk-taking behaviors such as unsafe sex, violence, and dangerous driving, leading to higher rates of accidents and injuries.
  • Young people who drink regularly are more susceptible to developing alcohol dependence later in life, creating long-term health concerns.
  • Alcohol consumption can interfere with academic performance through poor concentration, missed classes and reduced study time, affecting future opportunities.
  • Social impacts include damaged relationships with family and friends, legal consequences from underage drinking, and reduced participation in healthy activities like sports and community engagement.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 406

Explain how unhealthy body image can impact the overall wellbeing of young people.   (5 marks)

Show Answers Only

*Language highlighting the cause-effect relationship is bolded in the answer below.

  • Unhealthy body image leads to disordered eating patterns and eating disorders that compromise physical health. This occurs because young people restrict food intake or engage in purging behaviours, which causes nutrient deficiencies affecting growth and development.
  • Low self-esteem and negative self-worth develop from poor body image. This relationship results in a cycle where negative thoughts reinforce body dissatisfaction, which leads to depression and anxiety.
  • Social withdrawal occurs when body insecurities create discomfort in social settings. The reason for this is that body shame generates social anxiety, causing young people to avoid peer interactions and limiting their support network development.
  • Academic performance declines as a result of mental resources being diverted to appearance concerns. This happens when constant body image worry consumes cognitive energy needed for learning.
  • Excessive exercise or dangerous weight loss methods cause physical harm. This is due to extreme behaviours disrupting hormonal balance and immunity, which leads to serious health complications including bone density loss.
Show Worked Solution

*Language highlighting the cause-effect relationship is bolded in the answer below.

  • Unhealthy body image leads to disordered eating patterns and eating disorders that compromise physical health. This occurs because young people restrict food intake or engage in purging behaviours, which causes nutrient deficiencies affecting growth and development.
  • Low self-esteem and negative self-worth develop from poor body image. This relationship results in a cycle where negative thoughts reinforce body dissatisfaction, which leads to depression and anxiety.
  • Social withdrawal occurs when body insecurities create discomfort in social settings. The reason for this is that body shame generates social anxiety, causing young people to avoid peer interactions and limiting their support network development.
  • Academic performance declines as a result of mental resources being diverted to appearance concerns. This happens when constant body image worry consumes cognitive energy needed for learning.
  • Excessive exercise or dangerous weight loss methods cause physical harm. This is due to extreme behaviours disrupting hormonal balance and immunity, which leads to serious health complications including bone density loss.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 405 MC

Which row of the table correctly identifies actions that would best support a person's social and emotional wellbeing?

\begin{align*}
\begin{array}{l}
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \ \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& \\
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\textbf{A.}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}\\
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\textbf{B.}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}\\
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\textbf{C.}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}\\
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\textbf{D.}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}\\
\end{array}
\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\textbf{Social wellbeing}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& \textbf{Emotional wellbeing} \\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text{Joining a fitness class}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}&\text{Taking multivitamin supplements} \\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text{Visiting a doctor regularly}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& \text{Getting adequate sleep} \\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text{Maintaining positive relationships}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& \text{Practising mindfulness techniques}  \\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text{Eating organic produce}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& \text{Avoiding alcohol consumption}  \\
\hline
\end{array}
\end{align*}

Show Answers Only

\(C\)

Show Worked Solution

Consider Option C: 

  • C is correct: Building positive relationships directly supports social wellbeing while practising mindfulness techniques directly supports emotional wellbeing.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Taking multivitamins is to do with physical health.
  • B is incorrect: Visiting a doctor is related to physical health.
  • D is incorrect: Eating organic produce supports physical health.

PHYSICS, M3 EQ-Bank 4 MC

A transparent plastic has a refractive index of 1.5. What is the speed of light in the plastic?

  1. \(2.0 \times 10^8\ \text{m/s}\)
  2. \(4.5 \times 10^8\ \text{m/s}\)
  3. \(1.5 \times 10^8\ \text{m/s}\)
  4. \(3.0 \times 10^8\ \text{m/s}\)
Show Answers Only

\(A\)

Show Worked Solution

Calculate the speed using  \(n_x=\dfrac{c}{v_x}\):

\(v_x=\dfrac{c}{n_x}=\dfrac{3 \times 10^8}{1.5}=2 \times 10^8\)

\(\Rightarrow A\)

PHYSICS, M3 EQ-Bank 2 MC

The diagram shows light refracting in a glass prism.

What is the refractive index of the glass?

  1. \(1.3\)
  2. \(1.5\)
  3. \(1.8\)
  4. \(2.0\)
Show Answers Only

\(C\)

Show Worked Solution

Using Snell’s Law:

\(n_2\) \(=\dfrac{n_1 \sin \theta_1}{\sin \theta_2}\)  
  \(=\dfrac{1 \times \sin 60}{\sin 29}\)  
  \(=1.786\)  

 
\(\Rightarrow C\)

PHYSICS, M3 EQ-Bank 7

A group of students conducted an investigation of waves using a slinky. They generated a transverse wave pulse with an amplitude of 10 cm in a slinky under tension \(T_1\). They measured the time taken for the pulse to travel the 3.0 m length of the slinky as 0.75 seconds.

They then increased the tension to \(T_2\) where  \(T_2 = 2.25T_1\) and found that the same amplitude pulse took 0.5 seconds to travel the same distance.

  1. Calculate the wave speed for both tension values \(T_1\) and \(T_2\).   (2 marks)
  1. Determine the proportionality between wave speed and tension in the slinky. Use your calculations to support your answer.   (2 marks)
Show Answers Only

a.    The speed of \(T_1 = \dfrac{3}{0.75} = 4\ \text{ms}^{-1}\).

The speed of \(T_2 = \dfrac{3}{0.5} = 6\ \text{ms}^{-1}\).

b.     \(v \propto \sqrt{T}\).

Show Worked Solution

a.    The speed of the wave can be calculated using \(v=\dfrac{d}{t}\).

  • The speed of \(T_1 = \dfrac{3}{0.75} = 4\ \text{ms}^{-1}\).
  • The speed of \(T_2 = \dfrac{3}{0.5} = 6\ \text{ms}^{-1}\).

b.    \(\dfrac{v_2}{v_1}= \dfrac{6}{4} = 1.5\).

\(\dfrac{T_2}{T_1} = \dfrac{2.25T_1}{T_1} = 2.25\).

  • Noting, \(\sqrt{\dfrac{T_2}{T_1}} = \sqrt{2.25} = 1.5 \ \Rightarrow \ \dfrac{v_2}{v_1} = \sqrt{\dfrac{T_2}{T_1}}\).
  • Hence  \(v \propto \sqrt{T}\).

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 114

  1. Describe what is meant by health behaviours as a determinant of health.   (2 marks)

  2. Outline THREE health behaviours that have shown positive trends among young Australians in recent years.   (3 marks)
Show Answers Only

a.    Health behaviours as a determinant of health:

  • Health behaviours in this context refer to individual beliefs and actions regarding health and wellbeing.
  • The behaviours can act as protective factors reducing illness risk or as risk factors increasing likelihood of injury or disease.
  • The behaviours directly influence overall health status.

b.   Answers could include 3 of the following:

  • Alcohol consumption has improved with an increasing number of 14-24 year olds abstaining completely from alcohol consumption, reducing their risk of alcohol-related harm.
  • Tobacco smoking rates have declined significantly, with over 85% of Australians aged 18 and over not smoking daily, contributing to reduced disease burden.
  • Sexual practices have shown positive trends with increased condom use over the last decade. This trend indicates young people have greater protection against sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy, resulting in declining HIV and hepatitis C rates. 
  • Fruit consumption among children aged 5-14 has shown positive trends with nearly three-quarters meeting the recommended daily intake. This demonstrates improved nutritional awareness and potentially better long-term health outcomes.
Show Worked Solution

a.    Health behaviours as a determinant of health:

  • Health behaviours in this context refer to individual beliefs and actions regarding health and wellbeing.
  • The behaviours can act as protective factors reducing illness risk or as risk factors increasing likelihood of injury or disease.
  • The behaviours directly influence overall health status.

b.   Answers could include 3 of the following:

  • Alcohol consumption has improved with an increasing number of 14-24 year olds abstaining completely from alcohol consumption, reducing their risk of alcohol-related harm.
  • Tobacco smoking rates have declined significantly, with over 85% of Australians aged 18 and over not smoking daily, contributing to reduced disease burden.
  • Sexual practices have shown positive trends with increased condom use over the last decade. This trend indicates young people have greater protection against sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy, resulting in declining HIV and hepatitis C rates. 
  • Fruit consumption among children aged 5-14 has shown positive trends with nearly three-quarters meeting the recommended daily intake. This demonstrates improved nutritional awareness and potentially better long-term health outcomes.

PHYSICS, M3 EQ-Bank 5

A group of physics students conducted an experiment using a spring-like apparatus to study wave properties. They generated a single pulse that travelled 2.8 m in 0.70 seconds.

  1. Calculate the speed of the pulse.   (1 marks)
  1. The students then created a continuous wave using the same apparatus, generating 4 complete cycles in 2.0 seconds. Calculate the frequency of this wave.   (2 marks)
  1. Determine the wavelength of the continuous wave.   (1 mark)
Show Answers Only

a.    \(4.0\ \text{ms}^{-1}\)

b.    \(2\ \text{Hz}\)

c.    \(2\ \text{m}\)

Show Worked Solution

a.    \(v=\dfrac{s}{t} = \dfrac{2.8}{0.7} = 4.0\ \text{ms}^{-1}\).
 

b.     Wave frequency \(\Rightarrow\) completed wave cycles per second.

  • If four complete wave cycles are generated in two seconds then there are two complete wave cycles per second.
  • Wave frequency = 2 Hz.

c.    The wave velocity formula can be rearranged to \(\lambda = \dfrac{v}{f}\).

   \(\lambda = \dfrac{4}{2} = 2\ \text{m}\).

PHYSICS, M3 EQ-Bank 9 MC

Which of the following best describes the role of a medium in the transmission of a mechanical wave?

  1. Mechanical waves involve only longitudinal particle motion within the medium.
  2. Mechanical waves involve only transverse particle motion within the medium.
  3. Energy is transferred through the medium by the motion of its particles.
  4. The particles in the medium move at a lower frequency than the wave’s frequency.
Show Answers Only

\(C\)

Show Worked Solution
  • In mechanical waves, the medium plays a crucial role by allowing energy to be transferred through the vibration of its particles.
  • As the wave moves, particles in the medium oscillate and pass energy to adjacent particles. This process allows the wave to travel through the medium without transporting matter along with it.
  • The oscillations can be either longitudinal or transverse, depending on the type of wave, but in both cases, it is the particle motion that enables energy propagation.

\(\Rightarrow C\)

PHYSICS, M3 EQ-Bank 8 MC

A mechanical wave is travelling along a stretched rope. It has a period of 0.4 seconds and a wavelength of 2.8 metres.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the wave?

  1. Its speed is 7.0 m/s
  2. Its speed is 1.1 m/s
  3. Its speed is 0.72 m/s
  4. The wave's speed cannot be determined with the given information
Show Answers Only

\(A\)

Show Worked Solution

\(f=\dfrac{1}{T} = \dfrac{1}{0.4} = 2.5\ \text{Hz}\)

\(v = f\lambda = 2.5 \times 2.8 = 7.0\ \text{m/s}\)

\(\Rightarrow A\)

PHYSICS, M3 EQ-Bank 5-6 MC

The diagram below shows a section of a wave traveling through a medium.
 

The segment displayed spans 0.8 seconds of wave motion. The length between points P and Q along the wave is 16 cm. All other measurements are in cm.
 

Part 1

Which answer shows the correct data for this wave:

\begin{align*}
\begin{array}{l}
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \ \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& \\
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\textbf{A.}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}\\
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\textbf{B.}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}\\
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\textbf{C.}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}\\
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\textbf{D.}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}\\
\end{array}
\begin{array}{|c|c|}
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text{Amplitude (cm)}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& \text{Wave Length (cm)} \\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text{2}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}&\text{4}\\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text{2}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& \text{8}\\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text{4}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& \text{4} \\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text{4}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& \text{8} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\end{align*}

 
Part 2

Which answer shows the correct data for this wave:

\begin{align*}
\begin{array}{l}
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex} \ \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& \\
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\textbf{A.}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}\\
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\textbf{B.}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}\\
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\textbf{C.}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}\\
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\textbf{D.}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}\\
\end{array}
\begin{array}{|c|c|}
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text{Period (s)}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& \text{Velocity (m/s)} \\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text{0.4}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}&\text{0.1}\\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text{0.4}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& \text{0.2}\\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text{0.8}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& \text{0.05} \\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text{0.8}\rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& \text{0.1} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\end{align*}

Show Answers Only

Part 1: \(B\)

Part 2: \(B\)

Show Worked Solution

Part 1

  • Amplitude = distance between the equilibrium position of the wave and the maximum displacement.
  • Therefore the amplitude of the wave is 2 cm.
  • The wavelength is the distance it takes for a wave to repeat itself.
  • As there are two wavelengths from P to Q which span 16 cm, the wavelength of the wave is 8 cm.

\(\Rightarrow B\)
 

Part 2

  • The period of a wave is how it takes for one cycle of the wave.
  • As there are two cycles of the wave in 0.8 s, the period of the wave is 0.4 s.
  •    \(v = f \lambda = \dfrac{1}{T} \times \lambda = \dfrac{1}{0.4} \times 0.08 = 0.2\ \text{ms}^{-1}\).

\(\Rightarrow B\)

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 108

Outline how air quality as an environmental factor influences the health status of Australians living in major cities.   (3 marks)

Show Answers Only
  • Air quality in major cities is compromised by higher pollution levels from motor vehicles and industry.
  • It directly impacts respiratory health, increasing incidence of asthma, bronchitis and respiratory infections.
  • People living near major roads or industrial areas face elevated risks of cardiovascular disease.
  • This results in higher rates of hospitalisation and medication usage for respiratory conditions in urban populations.
  • Air pollution particularly affects vulnerable groups including children, elderly and those with pre-existing conditions.
Show Worked Solution
  • Air quality in major cities is compromised by higher pollution levels from motor vehicles and industry.
  • It directly impacts respiratory health, increasing incidence of asthma, bronchitis and respiratory infections.
  • People living near major roads or industrial areas face elevated risks of cardiovascular disease.
  • This results in higher rates of hospitalisation and medication usage for respiratory conditions in urban populations.
  • Air pollution particularly affects vulnerable groups including children, elderly and those with pre-existing conditions.

PHYSICS, M3 EQ-Bank 1 MC

In a laboratory experiment, white light is passed through a prism and splits into a spectrum of colours.

What is this effect called?

  1. Diffraction
  2. Polarisation
  3. Dispersion
  4. Interference
Show Answers Only

\(A\)

Show Worked Solution
  • Dispersion occurs when different wavelengths of light refract (bend) by different amounts.
  • This separates white light into its component colours (Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet).

\(\Rightarrow A\)

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 107

Outline TWO environmental factors that contribute to poorer health outcomes for people living in remote areas of Australia.   (3 marks)

Show Answers Only
  • Geographic isolation requiring travel over long distances on poor quality roads increases risk of motor vehicle accidents.
  • Limited access to healthcare services with remote communities lacking specialists, hospitals and preventative health programs.
  • This results in delayed diagnoses and reduced treatment opportunities for chronic conditions.
  • These two environmental factors also interact in this instance to create compounded health disadvantages for remote populations.
Show Worked Solution
  • Geographic isolation requiring travel over long distances on poor quality roads increases risk of motor vehicle accidents.
  • Limited access to healthcare services with remote communities lacking specialists, hospitals and preventative health programs.
  • This results in delayed diagnoses and reduced treatment opportunities for chronic conditions.
  • These two environmental factors also interact in this instance to create compounded health disadvantages for remote populations.

PHYSICS, M3 EQ-Bank 1 MC

A microwave signal has a frequency of \(2.5 \times 10^8\ \text{Hz}\).

What is the closest value to its wavelength?

  1. \(0.83\ \text{m}\)
  2. \(1.2\ \text{m}\)
  3. \(1.6\ \text{m}\)
  4. \(2.0\ \text{m}\)
Show Answers Only

\(B\)

Show Worked Solution
  • The speed of a microwave is \(3 \times 10^8\ \text{ms}^{-1}\).
  • Using  \(v=f \lambda\):
  •    \(\lambda=\dfrac{v}{f}=\dfrac{3 \times 10^8}{2.5 \times 10^8}=1.2\ \text{m}\)

 \(\Rightarrow B\)

PHYSICS, M2 EQ-Bank 4

The graph below represents the net force applied to a 1600 kg vehicle.
 

  1. Calculate the total impulse exerted on the vehicle over the 52 second interval.   (2 marks)
  1. If the vehicle begins at rest, determine its speed at the end of the 52 seconds.   (2 marks)
Show Answers Only

a.    The total impulse exerted on the vehicle is \(22\,400\ \text{Ns}\).

b.    The final speed of the vehicle is \(14\ \text{ms}^{-1}\).

Show Worked Solution

a.    Total impulse is given by the area under the force-time graph:

The area under the graph can be split up as seen below:
 

  \(\text{Area 1}\ =400 \times 12 = 4800\ \text{Ns}\).

  \(\text{Area 2}\ = \dfrac{1}{2} \times 400 \times 8 = 1600\ \text{Ns}\)

  \(\text{Area 3}\ = \dfrac{1}{2} \times 800 \times 8 = 3200\ \text{Ns}\)

  \(\text{Area 4}\ = 800 \times 8 = 6400\ \text{Ns}\)

  \(\text{Area 5}\ = \dfrac{1}{2} \times 800 \times 16 = 6400\ \text{Ns}\)

\(\therefore\) The total impulse exerted on the vehicle is \(22\,400\ \text{Ns}\).

 

b.     \(I\) \(=\Delta p\)
  \(I\) \(=mv-mu\)
  \(22\,400\) \(=1600v-1600 \times 0\)
  \(v\) \(=\dfrac{22\,400}{1600}\)
    \(=14\ \text{ms}^{-1}\)

 
\(\therefore\) The final speed of the vehicle is \(14\ \text{ms}^{-1}\).

PHYSICS, M2 EQ-Bank 6 MC

A remote-controlled drone experiences a net force as shown in the graph below:
 

   

The change in momentum of the drone, in kg m s\(^{-1}\), is closest to:

  1. \(3.125\)
  2. \(4.688\)
  3. \(6.250\)
  4. \(9.750\)
Show Answers Only

\(A\)

Show Worked Solution
  • The change in momentum of the drone is given by the area under the force-time graph (\(I =\Delta p = F \Delta t\)).
  •    \(\Delta p = \dfrac{1}{2} \times 0.25 \times 25 = 3.125\ \text{kg m s}^{-1}\).

\(\Rightarrow A\)

PHYSICS, M2 EQ-Bank 5 MC

A stationary tennis ball of mass 0.058 kg experiences a net force of 4800 \(\text{N}\) for a time of \(4.2 \times 10^{-4}\ \text{s}\).

What is the magnitude of the impulse on the tennis ball?

  1. \(2.02\ \text{kg m s}^{-1}\)
  2. \(0.0244\ \text{kg m s}^{-1}\)
  3. \(0.000122\ \text{kg m s}^{-1}\)
  4. \(11.4\ \text{kg m s}^{-1}\)
Show Answers Only

\(A\)

Show Worked Solution

\(I = \Delta p = F_{\text{net}} \Delta t\)

\(I = 4800 \times 4.2 \times 10^{-4} = 2.02\ \text{kg m s}^{-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow A\)

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 095

Discuss how the biomedical model of health has influenced health promotion approaches in Australia.    (6 marks)

Show Answers Only

*Recommended phrases for balanced “for/against” language are bolded in the answer below.

  • The biomedical model focuses on physical and biological aspects of disease, emphasising diagnosis, treatment, and cure rather than prevention
  • On one hand, this approach offers investment in advanced screening technologies like MRIs and mammography programs, enabling earlier disease detection. A key advantage is identifying breast cancer before symptoms appear, saving lives through early intervention.
  • From one perspective, technological advances guided by this model have improved medical interventions through less invasive techniques like keyhole surgery. Supporters argue these innovations reduce recovery times and improve patient outcomes significantly.
  • However, this must be weighed against the model’s “band-aid” approach that treats symptoms without addressing underlying causes. Critics of this model contend this encourages reliance on ongoing medical “fixes” rather than preventative lifestyle changes.
  • Further to this, high costs to individuals (medical bills, time off work) and society (strain on public health systems) create significant challenges. These limitations have prompted Australia’s shift toward holistic, preventative approaches like the Ottawa Charter.
  • Despite the benefits of advanced medical technology, the key argument against the biomedical model is its narrow focus. Nevertheless, it remains valuable when integrated with broader health promotion strategies.
Show Worked Solution

*Recommended phrases for balanced “for/against” language are bolded in the answer below.

  • The biomedical model focuses on physical and biological aspects of disease, emphasising diagnosis, treatment, and cure rather than prevention
  • On one hand, this approach offers investment in advanced screening technologies like MRIs and mammography programs, enabling earlier disease detection. A key advantage is identifying breast cancer before symptoms appear, saving lives through early intervention.
  • From one perspective, technological advances guided by this model have improved medical interventions through less invasive techniques like keyhole surgery. Supporters argue these innovations reduce recovery times and improve patient outcomes significantly.
  • However, this must be weighed against the model’s “band-aid” approach that treats symptoms without addressing underlying causes. Critics of this model contend this encourages reliance on ongoing medical “fixes” rather than preventative lifestyle changes.
  • Further to this, high costs to individuals (medical bills, time off work) and society (strain on public health systems) create significant challenges. These limitations have prompted Australia’s shift toward holistic, preventative approaches like the Ottawa Charter.
  • Despite the benefits of advanced medical technology, the key argument against the biomedical model is its narrow focus. Nevertheless, it remains valuable when integrated with broader health promotion strategies.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 071 MC

Which approach to health is best reflected in the statement: "Health is not merely the absence of disease, but a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing"?

  1. Biomedical model
  2. Salutogenic model
  3. Ecological model
  4. Sociocultural model
Show Answers Only

\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct as the sociocultural model recognises health as influenced by broader social, cultural, environmental, and economic factors rather than just focusing on disease and injury.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect because the biomedical model focuses primarily on physical aspects of disease.
  • B is incorrect as the salutogenic model emphasises factors maintaining wellbeing despite illness.
  • C is incorrect since the ecological model examines interactions between individual and social determinants.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 094

Outline how ONE global health policy has impacted health promotion in Australia.    (3 marks)

Show Answers Only

Exemplar answer:

  • WHO’s COVID-19 pandemic policies provided crucial guidelines that shaped Australia’s public health response. This included recommendations for social distancing, mask-wearing, and travel restrictions.
  • These policies influenced Australia’s establishment of the ATSI Advisory Group on COVID-19, ensuring culturally appropriate pandemic planning and response for Indigenous communities.
  • WHO’s recommendations supported Australia’s implementation of testing procedures, contact tracing systems and vaccination strategies. These measures were extremely effective and helped maintain low infection rates compared to many other countries.
  • The coordination mechanisms recommended by WHO also enabled Australia to balance health protection measures with economic and social consideration.
Show Worked Solution

Exemplar answer:

  • WHO’s COVID-19 pandemic policies provided crucial guidelines that shaped Australia’s public health response. This included recommendations for social distancing, mask-wearing, and travel restrictions.
  • These policies influenced Australia’s establishment of the ATSI Advisory Group on COVID-19, ensuring culturally appropriate pandemic planning and response for Indigenous communities.
  • WHO’s recommendations supported Australia’s implementation of testing procedures, contact tracing systems and vaccination strategies. These measures were extremely effective and helped maintain low infection rates compared to many other countries.
  • The coordination mechanisms recommended by WHO also enabled Australia to balance health protection measures with economic and social consideration.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 091

Outline the role of community sports clubs in advocating for the health of young people.   (3 marks)

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Answers could include three of the following:

  • Community sports clubs advocate for youth health by implementing structured physical activity programs that establish lifelong participation habits and combat rising obesity rates.
  • They promote mental wellbeing through team environments that build social connections, resilience, and self-confidence.
  • These clubs foster protective health behaviours through policies on hydration, nutrition, sun safety, and injury prevention. This provides important health information for young people outside the classroom environment.
  • Community sports clubs often partner with local health services to facilitate health screening and education sessions. This extends their advocacy beyond physical activity to comprehensive wellbeing support.
Show Worked Solution

Answers could include three of the following:

  • Community sports clubs advocate for youth health by implementing structured physical activity programs that establish lifelong participation habits and combat rising obesity rates.
  • They promote mental wellbeing through team environments that build social connections, resilience, and self-confidence.
  • These clubs foster protective health behaviours through policies on hydration, nutrition, sun safety, and injury prevention. This provides important health information for young people outside the classroom environment.
  • Community sports clubs often partner with local health services to facilitate health screening and education sessions. This extends their advocacy beyond physical activity to comprehensive wellbeing support.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 070 MC

Which statement best describes the World Health Organisation's perspective on youth involvement in health initiatives?

  1. Youth should provide feedback only after health initiatives have been implemented.
  2. Youth participation is helpful but not essential to the success of health outcomes.
  3. Youth-led advocacy and accountability are critical to health outcomes among young people.
  4. Youth should consult professional health advocates before attempting their own initiatives.
Show Answers Only

\(C\)

Show Worked Solution
  • C is correct because it captures the essence of the WHO perspective that youth-led advocacy is critical in this area.

Other options:

  • A contains some truth as guidance can be valuable, but doesn’t address the leadership role youth should play.
  • B presents a plausible but incorrect assessment that understates the documented long-term value of youth participation.
  • D suggests a more limited role for youth input rather than the central role described by the WHO.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 089

The NSW Department of Education is evaluating the effectiveness of various school-based health promotion models.

  1. Identify two health promotion approaches commonly implemented in secondary schools.   (1 mark)

  2. Discuss the effectiveness of each approach in improving student health and wellbeing.   (5 marks)
Show Answers Only

a.    Health promotion approaches could include:

Healthy Canteen Program, Anti-Bullying Policy, physical activity promotion.
 

b.   Healthy Canteen Program (using PEEL method):

*PEEL – Solution is structured using separate PEEL methods for each side of the argument; [P] Identify the point, [E] expand on the point with a link to question asked, [Ev] apply evidence/examples, [L] linking sentence back to question.

  • [P] The NSW Healthy Canteen Strategy effectively improves student nutrition by promoting healthier alternatives.
  • [E] School canteens report reduced sugary drink consumption and increased fresh food sales.
  • [Ev] Studies show compliant canteens correlate with improved student concentration.
  • [L] Environmental changes positively shape dietary choices.
      
  • [P] However, implementation challenges limit effectiveness.
  • [E] Rural schools struggle with higher costs and limited suppliers.
  • [Ev] Research reveals student “workarounds” like purchasing from nearby shops.
  • [L] The strategy requires approaches that broaden the “healthier” options available to students.

  
Anti-Bullying Policy (using PEEL method):

  • [P] School anti-bullying policies create safer learning environments through clear reporting pathways and consequences.
  • [E] Students in schools with robust policies report feeling more secure and supported by staff.
  • [Ev] Research indicates consistent policy enforcement can reduce bullying incidents by up to 20%.
  • [L] Well-implemented policies significantly improve mental health outcomes and school attendance.
      
  • [P] However, anti-bullying policies face implementation challenges that limit effectiveness.
  • [E] Many policies fail to address cyberbullying adequately as technology evolves.
  • [Ev] Studies show policy success depends heavily on consistent staff enforcement.
  • [L] Effective policies require ongoing adaptation and whole-school commitment.
Show Worked Solution

a.    Health promotion approaches could include:

Healthy Canteen Program, Anti-Bullying Policy, physical activity promotion.
 

b.   Healthy Canteen Program (using PEEL method):

*PEEL – Solution is structured using separate PEEL methods for each side of the argument; [P] Identify the point, [E] expand on the point with a link to question asked, [Ev] apply evidence/examples, [L] linking sentence back to question.

  • [P] The NSW Healthy Canteen Strategy effectively improves student nutrition by promoting healthier alternatives.
  • [E] School canteens report reduced sugary drink consumption and increased fresh food sales.
  • [Ev] Studies show compliant canteens correlate with improved student concentration.
  • [L] Environmental changes positively shape dietary choices.
      
  • [P] However, implementation challenges limit effectiveness.
  • [E] Rural schools struggle with higher costs and limited suppliers.
  • [Ev] Research reveals student “workarounds” like purchasing from nearby shops.
  • [L] The strategy requires approaches that broaden the “healthier” options available to students.

 
Anti-Bullying Policy (using PEEL method):

  • [P] School anti-bullying policies create safer learning environments through clear reporting pathways and consequences.
  • [E] Students in schools with robust policies report feeling more secure and supported by staff.
  • [Ev] Research indicates consistent policy enforcement can reduce bullying incidents by up to 20%.
  • [L] Well-implemented policies significantly improve mental health outcomes and school attendance.
      
  • [P] However, anti-bullying policies face implementation challenges that limit effectiveness.
  • [E] Many policies fail to address cyberbullying adequately as technology evolves.
  • [Ev] Studies show policy success depends heavily on consistent staff enforcement.
  • [L] Effective policies require ongoing adaptation and whole-school commitment.

HMS, TIP 2023 HSC 23a

Outline TWO benefits of developing tactics for use in team sports.   (3 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • Developing tactics enhances decision-making efficiency during competitive situations. Players understand predetermined movement patterns and positional responsibilities. This reduces cognitive load under pressure, allowing faster responses to opponent strategies.
  • Tactical preparation improves team coordination through established communication systems. Players anticipate teammates’ movements and execute synchronised plays. This maximises collective performance by utilising individual strengths within organised team structures.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  • Developing tactics enhances decision-making efficiency during competitive situations. Players understand predetermined movement patterns and positional responsibilities. This reduces cognitive load under pressure, allowing faster responses to opponent strategies.
  • Tactical preparation improves team coordination through established communication systems. Players anticipate teammates’ movements and execute synchronised plays. This maximises collective performance by utilising individual strengths within organised team structures.

HMS, HIC 2023 HSC 21

Describe how does ONE organisation use epidemiological data in Australia?   (3 marks)

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Sample Answer – other answers possible

  • The Cancer Council analyses cancer incidence and mortality rates across Australian populations. The organisation examines demographic patterns including age groups, gender differences and geographical variations in cancer occurrence. This data reveals specific cancer trends and high-risk population segments.
  • Cancer Council produces research reports documenting cancer statistics, survival rates and screening programme effectiveness. These publications guide prevention campaigns and inform healthcare policy development for cancer services.

Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer – other answers possible

  • The Cancer Council analyses cancer incidence and mortality rates across Australian populations. The organisation examines demographic patterns including age groups, gender differences and geographical variations in cancer occurrence. This data reveals specific cancer trends and high-risk population segments.
  • Cancer Council produces research reports documenting cancer statistics, survival rates and screening programme effectiveness. These publications guide prevention campaigns and inform healthcare policy development for cancer services.

HMS, HAG 2023 HSC 12 MC

In 2022, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare reported that the average life expectancy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples was eight years less than that of non-Indigenous people in Australia.

Which of the following determinants is likely to have the most significant influence on narrowing this gap in the next five years?

  1. Improved access to housing
  2. Better access to culturally responsive health services
  3. Increased participation in outdoor recreational activities
  4. The further development of cultural maintenance programs
Show Answers Only

\(B\)

Show Worked Solution

Consider Option B 

  • B is correct: Culturally responsive health services reduce healthcare barriers affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander life expectancy.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Housing access is important but has longer-term impact timeframes.
  • C is incorrect: Outdoor activities alone won’t address systemic healthcare barriers.
  • D is incorrect: Cultural maintenance programs are valuable but have indirect health impacts.

HMS, BM 2023 HSC 11 MC

During the regular basketball season, a player recorded a success rate of 75% from the free throw line. In the finals, this player recorded a 50% success rate.

What has most likely led to the decline in the player's shooting performance?

  1. The player altered their use of psychological strategies for the finals.
  2. The player experienced trait anxiety in response to the coach's expectations.
  3. The player's level of state anxiety was increased by the pressure of the finals.
  4. The player's physiological arousal levels were altered by the pressure of the finals.
Show Answers Only

\(C\)

Show Worked Solution
  • C is correct: State anxiety increases with high-pressure situations like finals.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: No evidence of altered psychological strategies is provided.
  • B is incorrect: Trait anxiety is a personality characteristic, not situation-specific.
  • D is incorrect: Question focuses on anxiety, not general physiological arousal.

PHYSICS, M2 EQ-Bank 2-3 MC

Two identical blocks, each with a mass of 200 grams, are moving toward each other on a frictionless track at equal speeds.

Part 1

Which two identical physical quantities do the blocks share as they approach each other?

  1. Mass and velocity
  2. Mass and impulse
  3. Mass and momentum
  4. Mass and kinetic energy

 
Part 2

After the collision, the two blocks stick together and move as one object. What is the total final momentum of the combined gliders system?

  1. \(0.25\ \text{kgm/s}\)
  2. \(0\ \text{kgm/s}\)
  3. \(0.02\ \text{kgm/s}\)
  4. \(1.60\ \text{kgm/s}\)
Show Answers Only

\(\text{Part 1:}\ D\)

\(\text{Part 2:}\ B\)

Show Worked Solution

Part 1

  • Velocity, impulse and momentum are all vector quantities hence they will not be equal for the blocks as they will be occurring in the opposite direction.
  • Mass and kinetic energy are the only two scalar values.

\(\Rightarrow D\)
 

Part 2

  • The momentum’s of the two blocks will be equal and opposite and therefore the total momentum of the system sums together to be zero.
  • By the law of conservation of momentum, the final momentum of the system is zero.

\(\Rightarrow B\)

Trigonometry, EXT1 T2 EQ-Bank 2

Show that  \(\sin 75^{\circ}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{6}}{4}\).   (2 marks)

Show Answers Only
\(\sin 75^{\circ}\) \(=\sin \left(30^{\circ}+45^{\circ}\right)\)
  \(=\sin 30^{\circ} \cos 45^{\circ}+\cos 30^{\circ} \sin 45^{\circ}\)
  \(=\dfrac{1}{2} \cdot \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \cdot \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
  \(=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{3}}{2 \sqrt{2}} \times \dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
  \(=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{6}}{4}\)
Show Worked Solution
\(\sin 75^{\circ}\) \(=\sin \left(30^{\circ}+45^{\circ}\right)\)
  \(=\sin 30^{\circ} \cos 45^{\circ}+\cos 30^{\circ} \sin 45^{\circ}\)
  \(=\dfrac{1}{2} \cdot \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \cdot \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
  \(=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{3}}{2 \sqrt{2}} \times \dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
  \(=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{6}}{4}\)

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 79

Statistics reveal emerging patterns in the health of young Australians.

Describe the key health trends for young people over the past decade, highlighting both improvements and areas of decline.   (4 marks)

Show Answers Only

Concerning health trends:

  • Mental health issues have significantly increased among young people, with anxiety and depression rates rising, particularly among females aged 16-24.
  • Technology-related health concerns have emerged, including increased screen time associated with poor sleep quality, sedentary behaviour, and the rise of vaping/e-cigarette use replacing traditional tobacco products.
  • Social media influence has contributed to health misinformation, body image concerns and eating disorders.

Improving health trends:

  • Physical health indicators show decreasing rates of risk behaviours such as tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, with smoking rates declining steadily and fewer young people engaging in risky drinking patterns.
  • Social media offers new platforms for health information and peer support networks. This can positively influence health literacy and help-seeking behaviours.
Show Worked Solution

Concerning health trends:

  • Mental health issues have significantly increased among young people, with anxiety and depression rates rising, particularly among females aged 16-24.
  • Technology-related health concerns have emerged, including increased screen time associated with poor sleep quality, sedentary behaviour, and the rise of vaping/e-cigarette use replacing traditional tobacco products.
  • Social media influence has contributed to health misinformation, body image concerns and eating disorders.

Improving health trends:

  • Physical health indicators show decreasing rates of risk behaviours such as tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, with smoking rates declining steadily and fewer young people engaging in risky drinking patterns.
  • Social media offers new platforms for health information and peer support networks. This can positively influence health literacy and help-seeking behaviours.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 61 MC

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the current health status of young people as a group in Australia?

  1. Young people primarily suffer from infectious diseases rather than lifestyle-related conditions.
  2. Young people experience the highest rates of chronic disease compared to all other age groups.
  3. Young people generally have positive physical health but increasing prevalence of mental health conditions.
  4. Young people have equal health outcomes regardless of socioeconomic or geographic factors.
Show Answers Only

\(C\)

Show Worked Solution
  • C is correct as data shows young people have relatively good physical health indicators but increasing rates of mental health conditions.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect because while infectious diseases affect young people, lifestyle-related conditions and mental health issues are more prevalent.
  • B is incorrect because chronic disease rates are generally higher in older populations, not young people.
  • D is incorrect because significant health inequities exist among young people based on socioeconomic status and geographic location.

HMS, HIC 2023 HSC 1 MC

Four health conditions \(W, X, Y\) and \(Z\) currently affecting Australians, are plotted on the following graph.
 

Which of these conditions is most likely to be identified as the greatest health priority issue in Australia?

  1. \(W\)
  2. \(X\)
  3. \(Y\)
  4. \(Z\)
Show Answers Only

\(B\)

Show Worked Solution
  • B is correct: \(X\) represents the ideal health priority as it has a high prevalence and high cost to the community.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: \(W\rightarrow\) Lower prevalence despite high cost means fewer people affected.
  • C is incorrect: \(Y\rightarrow\) Both low prevalence and low cost make it the lowest priority of the options.
  • D is incorrect: \(Z\rightarrow\) High prevalence but lower cost to community, making it less of a priority.

PHYSICS, M2 EQ-Bank 14 MC

A bowling ball, a golf ball, and a table-tennis ball are dropped simultaneously from a height of 2.0 m in a vacuum chamber. Which ball would you expect to reach the ground first?

  1. The bowling ball
  2. The golf ball
  3. The table-tennis ball
  4. All three balls would reach the ground at exactly the same time
Show Answers Only

\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • In the absence of air resistance, the only force acting on each ball is the gravitational force.
  • The acceleration of an object due to gravity is independent of its mass.
  • All three balls would fall with the same acceleration of 9.8 ms\(^{-2}\).

\(\Rightarrow D\)

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 73

Outline THREE processes that a researcher could use when developing a method to collect data investigating the meanings of health for young people.   (3 marks)

Show Answers Only

Answers could include any THREE of the following:

  • Determine appropriate data collection methods (surveys, interviews, focus groups) based on research question.
  • Design clear, age-appropriate questions that are unbiased and aligned with research objectives.
  • Consider quantitative methods (closed surveys) for numerical data and qualitative methods (interviews) for in-depth responses.
  • Ensure consistency in question delivery to maintain reliability.
  • Select a representative sample of participants to ensure validity.
  • Plan data recording methods that maintain privacy and accuracy.
Show Worked Solution

Answers could include any THREE of the following:

  • Determine appropriate data collection methods (surveys, interviews, focus groups) based on research question.
  • Design clear, age-appropriate questions that are unbiased and aligned with research objectives.
  • Consider quantitative methods (closed surveys) for numerical data and qualitative methods (interviews) for in-depth responses.
  • Ensure consistency in question delivery to maintain reliability.
  • Select a representative sample of participants to ensure validity.
  • Plan data recording methods that maintain privacy and accuracy.