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BIOLOGY, M8 2024 HSC 11 MC

The data shows the proportion of adults living in Australia who are obese.
 

Which of the following can be observed from the data?

  1. The proportion of obese adults always increases with age.
  2. There is a greater percentage of men who are obese than women in all age groups.
  3. The proportion of women who are obese increases from 13% at 18–24 to 38% at 65–74.
  4. The proportion of men who are obese increases from 18% at 18–24 to 35% at 45–54, then decreases to 23% at age 85 and over.
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→ Options and can be shown to be incorrect with reference to the table.

BIOLOGY, M8 2024 HSC 7 MC

How do stomata maintain water balance in plants?

  1. They close in hot weather to decrease transpiration.
  2. They open in cold weather to decrease transpiration.
  3. They open in hot weather to decrease evaporative cooling.
  4. They close in cold weather to decrease evaporative cooling.
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→ Stomata close in hot weather to decrease transpiration.

→ This adaptive response helps prevent excessive water loss during high temperatures and maintain proper water balance.

BIOLOGY, M5 2024 HSC 4 MC

Which row of the table correctly identifies components of DNA?

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→ DNA contains phosphate groups, deoxyribose sugar (not ribose), and thymine (not uracil which is found in RNA instead).

→ The last row with checkmarks for phosphate, deoxyribose, and thymine is therefore the only correct combination.

BIOLOGY, M6 2024 HSC 3 MC

The image shows a chromosome that has undergone mutation. Each letter represents a gene.
 

What type of mutation has occurred?

  1. Deletion
  2. Duplication
  3. Inversion
  4. Substitution
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→ Looking at the sequence, we can see that genes C and E appear twice in the mutated chromosome (creating a repeat of genetic material).

→ This is characteristic of a duplication mutation rather than deletion (loss), inversion (reversal), or substitution (replacement).

BIOLOGY, M6 2024 HSC 2 MC

Resin produced by spinifex grass has long been used by Aboriginal Peoples. Spinifex resin is currently used to produce medicinal creams.

What is this an example of?

  1. Biotechnology
  2. Selective breeding
  3. Artificial insemination
  4. Genetically modified organisms
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→ This is an example of biotechnology because it involves using traditional knowledge to harness a biological resource (spinifex resin) for medicinal purposes.

→ This fits the broad definition of biotechnology as using biological systems or processes to create useful products.

CHEMISTRY, M6 2024 HSC 3 MC

Which of the following compounds can be correctly described as an Arrhenius base when dissolved in water?

  1. Sodium nitrate
  2. Sodium sulfate
  3. Sodium chloride
  4. Sodium hydroxide
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→ An Arrhenius base is a compound that increases the concentration of ions when it is dissolved in water.

→ Sodium hydroxide is the only compound that dissolves in water to produce hydroxide ions.

CHEMISTRY, M5 2024 HSC 2 MC

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples have used leaching in flowing water over several days to prepare various foods from plants that can be toxic to humans.

What was the reason for this?

  1. To react with toxins
  2. To dissolve low solubility toxins
  3. To prevent the food from decomposing
  4. To break down compounds that are difficult to digest
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→ The toxins form a equilibrium system:

→ As the water flows away, the concentration of aqueous toxins decreases which shifts the equilibrium system to the right, causing more low solubility toxins to break down.

Networks, GEN1 2024 VCAA 36 MC

Eight houses in an estate are to be connected to the internet via underground cables.

The network below shows the possible connections between the houses.

The vertices represent the houses.

The numbers on the edges represent the length of cable connecting pairs of houses, in metres.
 

 

The graph that represents the minimum length of cable needed to connect all the houses is
 


 

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CHEMISTRY, M7 2024 HSC 1 MC

Which two substances are members of the same homologous series?
 

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→ A homologous series refers to compounds with the same or similar functional group and same general formula.

→ Both substances in contain a hydroxyl group.

Matrices, GEN1 2024 VCAA 28 MC

A primary school is hosting a sports day.

Students represent one of four teams: blue , green , red or yellow .

Students compete in one of three sports: football , netball or tennis .

Matrix shows the number of students competing in each sport and the team they represent.

Matrix is multiplied by the matrix to produce matrix .

Element indicates that

  1. 210 students represent the blue team.
  2. 210 students compete in netball.
  3. 280 students compete in tennis.
  4. 280 students compete in football.
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Matrices, GEN1 2024 VCAA 26 MC

A market stall sells three types of candles.

The cost of each type of candle is shown in matrix below.

Towards the end of the day, the cost of each item is discounted by 15%.

Which one of the following expressions can be used to determine each discounted price?

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Extra close brace or missing open brace

Data Analysis, GEN1 2024 VCAA 5 MC

The number of siblings of each member of a class of 24 students was recorded.

The results are displayed in the table below.

A boxplot was constructed to display the spread of the data.

Which one of the following statements about this boxplot is correct?

  1. There are no outliers.
  2. The value of the interquartile range (IQR) is 1.5
  3. The value of the median is 1.5
  4. All of the five-number summary values are whole numbers.
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Data Analysis, GEN1 2024 VCAA 2 MC

Freddie organised a function at work. He surveyed the staff about their preferences.

He asked them about their payment preference (cash or electronic payment) and their budget preference (less than $50 or more than $50).

The variables in this survey, payment preference and budget preference, are

  1. both categorical variables.
  2. both numerical variables.
  3. categorical and numerical variables, respectively.
  4. numerical and categorical variables, respectively.
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Mechanics, EXT2 M1 2024 HSC 15c

A bar magnet is held vertically. An object that is repelled by the magnet is to be dropped from directly above the magnet and will maintain a vertical trajectory. Let be the distance of the object above the magnet.
 

The object is subject to acceleration due to gravity, , and an acceleration due to the magnet , so that the total acceleration of the object is given by

 

The object is released from rest at  .

  1. Show that  .   (2 marks)

  2. Find where the object next comes to rest, giving your answer correct to 1 decimal place.  (2 marks)

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i.   

 
 

 

 
 

 

 
 
   

  

ii.   

 
 
 

 

♦♦♦ Mean mark (ii) 24%.

 
   
   
   

 
 

Vectors, EXT2 V1 2024 HSC 14e

The diagram shows triangle .

The point lies on so that  .

The point lies on so that  .

The point is the intersection of and .

The point is chosen on so that and are collinear.
 

Let    and    where is a real number.

  1. Show that  .   (2 marks)

Writing  , where is a real number, it can be shown that  .  (Do NOT prove this.)

  1. Show that  .   (2 marks)

  2. Find in terms of and .   (2 marks)

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i.   

 
   
   
   

 

ii.   

.

   

   

     
 
 

 
iii.    

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i.   

 
   
   
   

  

ii.   

.

   

   

     
 
 

 

iii.   

♦ Mean mark (iii) 45%.
 

 
 
   

 

 
 
 

 

ENGINEERING, TE 2024 HSC 4 MC

Which row of the table correctly identifies characteristics of analogue and digital communications?

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→ Analog signals are continuous and more susceptible to degradation while digital signals are discrete (binary) and less susceptible to degradation since they can be regenerated and error-corrected during transmission.

ENGINEERING, CS 2024 HSC 1 MC

A common house brick is shown.
 

Which forming process was used to manufacture the brick?

  1. Forging
  2. Extrusion
  3. Slip casting
  4. Shell moulding
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→ Common house bricks are manufactured through extrusion, where clay is forced through a die to create a rectangular column that is then cut into individual brick lengths before drying and firing.

Mechanics, EXT2 M1 2024 HSC 13c

A particle of unit mass moves horizontally in a straight line. It experiences a resistive force proportional to , where m s is the speed of the particle, so that the acceleration is given by  .

Initially the particle is at the origin and has a velocity of 40 m s to the right. After the particle has moved 15 m to the right, its velocity is 10 m s (to the right).

  1. Show that  .   (3 marks)

  2. Show that  .   (1 mark)

  3. At what time will the particle's velocity be 30 m s to the right?   (3 marks)

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i.   

 
 
 
 
 
   

 


 

ii.  

 
 
 
 
 

iii. 

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i.   

 
 
 
 
 
   

 


 

ii.  

 
 
 
 
 

 

iii.  

 
 
 

 


 

 
   
   
   

Vectors, EXT2 V1 2024 HSC 13a

The point has position vector  . The line has vector equation

.

The point lies on and has position vector  .

  1. Show that  .   (1 mark)

  2. Hence, or otherwise, determine the shortest distance between the point and the line .  (2 marks)

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i.     
 


 

 
   
   

 

ii.   

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i.     
 


 

 
   
   

  

ii.   

♦ Mean mark (ii) 45%.

Vectors, EXT2 V1 2024 HSC 12e

The line passes through the points and .

  1. Find a vector equation of the line .   (1 mark)

  2. Determine, giving reasons, whether the point lies on the line .   (2 marks)

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i.   

ii.   

 

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i.     


 

ii.   

 

Calculus, EXT1 C3 2024 HSC 13a

In an experiment, the population of insects, , was modelled by the logistic differential equation

where is the time in days after the beginning of the experiment.

The diagram shows a direction field for this differential equation, with the point representing the initial population.
 

  1. Explain why the graph of the solution that passes through the point cannot also pass through the point .   (1 mark)

  2. Clearly sketch the graph of the solution that passes through the point .   (1 mark)

  3. Find the predicted value of the population, , at which the rate of growth of the population is largest.   (2 marks)

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 i.   

ii.    
       

iii. 

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 i.   

ii.    
       

iii. 

♦ Mean mark (iii) 51%.

CHEMISTRY, M2 EQ-Bank 2

In an experiment, calcium carbonate is heated strongly to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide according to the reaction below:

A student starts with 50.0 g of calcium carbonate. After heating, they collect 28.0 g of calcium oxide.

  1. Using the law of conservation of mass, calculate the mass of carbon dioxide gas produced in this reaction.   (2 marks)
  1. Explain how the law of conservation of mass applies to this reaction.   (2 marks)
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a.   

b.    The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of reactants in a chemical reaction must equal the mass of the products.

→ Here, the 50.0 g of calcium carbonate decomposes into 28.0 g of calcium oxide and 22.0 g of carbon dioxide gas.

→ The total mass of products (28.0 g + 22.0 g) equals the initial mass of reactants (50.0 g), confirming that mass is conserved in this reaction.

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a.    Law of conservation of mass:

→ The total mass of reactants must equal the total mass of products.

 
   
   

 

b.    Application of law to reaction:

→ The mass of reactants in a chemical reaction must equal the mass of the products.

→ Here, the 50.0 g of calcium carbonate decomposes into 28.0 g of calcium oxide and 22.0 g of carbon dioxide gas.

→ The total mass of products (28.0 g + 22.0 g) equals the initial mass of reactants (50.0 g), confirming that mass is conserved in this reaction.

CHEMISTRY, M2 EQ-Bank 1 MC

What numbers are required to correctly balance this equation?

__ __ __ __

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Balancing the iron atoms:

→ There are 2 Fe atoms in , so we place a 2 in front of  on the product side.


 

Balancing the oxygen atoms:

→ has 3 oxygen atoms. To balance equation, we need 3 molecules on the reactant side to balance the 3 molecules on the product side.

CHEMISTRY, M2 EQ-Bank 13

  1. Calculate the volume of solution needed to obtain 0.6 moles of solute from a solution of concentration 1.2 mol/L.   (1 mark)
  1. Explain the significance of accurate volume measurements when preparing solutions of specific concentrations in the laboratory.   (2 marks)
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a.   

b.    The exact volumes of solutions must be known as:

→ The concentration of each solution must be precise, as it affects the molar ratios and yields.

→ Miscalculating volume would lead to incorrect concentrations, impacting experimental results and validity.

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a.   
 

b.    The exact volumes of solutions must be known as:

→ The concentration of each solution must be precise, as it affects the molar ratios and yields.

→ Miscalculating volume would lead to incorrect concentrations, impacting experimental results and validity.

CHEMISTRY, M2 EQ-Bank 12

  1. Calculate the amount (in moles) of a solute in a 2.0 L solution with a concentration of 0.75 mol/L.   (1 mark)
  1. Using your answer from part a, determine the mass of the solute if the solute is .   (2 marks)
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a.   

b.   

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a.   
 

b.   

Trigonometry, EXT1 T1 2024 HSC 5 MC

Consider the function  .

Which transformations have been applied to   to obtain ?

  1. Vertical dilation by a factor of and a horizontal dilation by a factor of
  2. Vertical dilation by a factor of and a horizontal dilation by a factor of 3
  3. Vertical dilation by a factor of 2 and a horizontal dilation by a factor of
  4. Vertical dilation by a factor of 2 and a horizontal dilation by a factor of 3
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CHEMISTRY, M2 EQ-Bank 5 MC

A standard solution is best described as:

  1. A solution prepared to an approximate concentration for general use.
  2. A solution with a precisely known concentration, used in quantitative chemical analysis.
  3. A solution containing only one type of solute molecule.
  4. A solution prepared by dissolving a solid solute in a small volume of solvent.
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→ A standard solution is a solution with a precise and known concentration, allowing accurate calculations in quantitative chemical analysis.

→ It is prepared by dissolving an exact amount of a primary standard in a specific volume of solvent.

CHEMISTRY, M2 EQ-Bank 7

  1. 4.56 g of potassium chloride is dissolved in 250 mL of water. What is the concentration of this solution?   (2 marks)
  1. How many grams of calcium chloride will be needed to make 1.50 L of a 0.250 M solution?   (2 marks)
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a.   

b.   

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a.   

 

b.   

Probability, STD1 S2 2024 HSC 17

A wheel is shown with the numbers 0 to 19 marked.

A game is played where the wheel is spun until it stops.

When the wheel stops, a pointer points to the winning number. Each number is equally likely to win.
 

  1. List all the even numbers on the wheel that are greater than 7.   (1 mark)

  2. What is the probability that the winning number is NOT an even number greater than 7?   (2 marks)

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a.   

b.   

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a.   
 

b.   

♦♦ Mean mark (b) 32%.